Czasowniki złożone
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| date back to [sth] vi phrasal + prep | (exist since) | pochodzić z czegoś ndk. + przyim. |
| | The fossils dated back to the Precambrian eon. |
| draw back vi phrasal | (flinch) | wzdragać się zwr. ndk. |
| Uwaga: The single-word form is used when the term is a noun |
| | She drew back sharply when the dog barked at her. |
drop back,
drop behind vi phrasal | (fall behind) | pozostawać w tyle zwrot ndk. |
| | | pozostać w tyle zwrot dk. |
| | Towards the end of the race, Stacey was becoming tired and started dropping back. |
| fall back vi phrasal | (withdraw, retreat) | wycofywać się zwr. ndk. |
| | | wycofać się zwr. dk. |
| | The general ordered his troops to fall back. |
| fall back on [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep | informal, figurative (resort to, rely on) (przenośny) | opierać się na kimś/czymś zwr. ndk. + przyim. |
| | | oprzeć się na kimś/czymś zwr. dk. + przyim. |
| | | polegać na kimś/czymś ndk. + przyim. |
| | Whenever I am in trouble, I know that I can always fall back on my friends and family. |
| feed back to [sb] vi phrasal + prep | (report back to) | zdawać komuś relację zwrot ndk. |
| | | zdać komuś relację zwrot dk. |
| Uwaga: The single-word form is used when the term is a noun |
| | Jamie always feeds back to his line manager in a timely manner. |
feed back into [sth],
feed back to [sth] vi phrasal + prep | (affect in turn) | wpływać na coś ndk. + przyim. |
| | | wpłynąć na coś dk. + przyim. |
| | The results of the student survey feed back into future teaching practices. |
| fight back vi phrasal | (retaliate) | oddawać ndk. |
| | | oddać dk. |
| | If you attack minorities, you must expect them to fight back. |
| | Jeśli atakujesz mniejszości, musisz się spodziewać, że ci oddadzą. |
| flash back to [sth] vi phrasal + prep | (show scene from past) | przenosić się do czegoś zwr. ndk. + przyim. |
| | | przenieść się do czegoś zwr. dk. + przyim. |
| | | wracać do czegoś ndk. + przyim. |
| | | wrócić do czegoś dk. + przyim. |
| | Suddenly the film flashed back to a scene from the main character's childhood. |
| get back vi phrasal | informal (return) | wracać ndk. |
| | | powracać dk. |
| | I visited my Aunt in Greece last year and I can't wait to get back! |
get [sth] back,
get [sth] back from [sb] vtr phrasal sep | (have [sth] returned) | dostawać z powrotem zwrot ndk. |
| | | dostać z powrotem zwrot dk. |
| | I took my watch to be repaired and I'll get it back on Tuesday. |
| get back at [sb] for [sth] vtr phrasal insep | informal (take revenge on) | zemścić się na kimś za coś zwrot dk. |
| | Nathan got back at his sister for breaking his games console by hiding her dolls. |
| go back vi phrasal | (return) | wracać, powracać ndk. |
| | | wrócić, powrócić dk. |
| | Frank left his wallet at home and had to go back to get it. |
| go back to [sth] vi phrasal + prep | (return to: a place) | wracać gdzieś, powracać gdzieś ndk. |
| | | wrócić gdzieś, powrócić gdzieś dk. |
| | I'd like to go back to Paris one day. |
| go back to [sb] vi phrasal + prep | (return: to partner) | wracać, powracać ndk. |
| | | wrócić, powrócić dk. |
| | Gina has decided to go back to her husband and try to make their relationship work. |
| go back to [sth] vi phrasal + prep | (revert) | wracać, powracać ndk. |
| | | wrócić, powrócić dk. |
| | Ted seems to have gone back to his bad habits of drinking and gambling. |
| go back vi phrasal | (clock: move back an hour) | wracać, powracać ndk. |
| | | wrócić, powrócić dk. |
| | In the UK, the clocks go back by one hour at the end of British Summer Time. |
| go back vi phrasal | (be in the past) | sięgać ndk. |
| | My grandmother's memories go back a long way. |
| go back to [sth] vi phrasal + prep | (be in the past) | sięgać ndk. |
| | That song goes back to the Second World War. |
| grow back vi phrasal | (hair, etc.: regrow) | odrastać ndk. |
| | | odrosnąć dk. |
| | After I shaved my head, my hair grew back at a surprising rate. |
| hang back vi phrasal | (not step forward) | czekać z tyłu zwrot ndk. |
| | | poczekać z tyłu zwrot dk. |
| | The goalkeeper had a tendency to hang back on his line instead of coming out for crosses. |
| hark back to [sth] vi phrasal + prep | (recall the past) | przypominać ndk. |
| | (przypomnieć) | B dk. |
| | James is always harking back to what he calls "the good old days". |
| hit back vi phrasal | figurative (respond to criticism) | odpowiadać na krytykę zwrot ndk. |
| | | odpowiedzieć na krytykę zwrot dk. |
| | Parents have hit back, saying the accusations about their children are unfounded. |
| hit back at [sb] vi phrasal + prep | (retaliate against) | oddawać cios zwrot ndk. |
| | | oddać cios zwrot dk. |
| | The victim of the attempted mugging hit back at his attackers, and they ran off empty-handed. |
| hold [sth] back vtr phrasal sep | (restrain, keep under control) | powstrzymywać ndk. |
| | | powstrzymać dk. |
| | He held back his anger until the children had gone to bed. |
| | She had had such a bad day, she couldn't hold back the tears any longer. |
| hold [sb] back vtr phrasal sep | figurative (hinder [sb]'s progress) | powstrzymywać ndk. |
| | | powstrzymać dk. |
| | She wants to be an actress but a lack of talent is holding her back. |
| hold [sth] back vtr phrasal sep | figurative (not divulge [sth]) | ukrywać ndk. |
| | | ukryć dk. |
| | She said she had told him all about her previous marriage, but he suspected she was holding something back. |
| hold [sth] back vtr phrasal sep | (withhold, not give [sth]) | wstrzymywać ndk. |
| | | wstrzymać dk. |
| | He didn't give me all the money today, he's holding back half of it till the work is finished. |
| hold back vi phrasal | figurative (repress feelings) | skrywać uczucia ndk. + n, l.mn. |
| | She is always holding back, afraid to share her true feelings. |
| keep [sth/sb] back vtr phrasal sep | (prevent getting closer) | uniemożliwiać zbliżanie się zwrot ndk. |
| | A fence around the racing track keeps spectators back. |
| keep [sth] back vtr phrasal sep | informal (save) | odkładać ndk. |
| | | odłożyć dk. |
| | It's a good idea to keep some money back for unexpected needs. |
| kick back vi phrasal | slang (relax) | relaksować się zwr. ndk. |
| | | zrelaksować się zwr. dk. |
| | After work, Mary just wanted to kick back and enjoy a glass of wine. |
| kick back vi phrasal | (gun: recoil) (broń palna) | odrzucać ndk. |
| | (broń palna) | odrzucić dk. |
| | Smith fired and the rifle kicked back. |
| kick [sth] back vtr phrasal sep | slang (profit: share as bribe) (potoczny: dać część) | odpalić komuś coś dk. |
| | After taking their cut, the two men kicked the money back to corrupt government officials. |
| knock [sb] back [sth] vtr phrasal sep | UK, slang (cost) | kosztować kogoś coś ndk. |
| | That new car must have knocked you back a fair amount! |
| | Ten nowy samochód musiał cię sporo kosztować! |
| lay back vi phrasal | slang (recline) (potoczny) | rozłożyć się zwr. dk. |
| | I love to lay back and relax in my new easy chair. |
| lie back vi phrasal | ([sb]: recline) | kłaść się zwr. ndk. |
| | | położyć się zwr. dk. |
| | At the end of a hard day, I like to lie back in my favorite recliner and read a good book. |
| look back vi phrasal | figurative (reminisce) | wspominać ndk. |
| | | wspomnieć dk. |
| | When I look back on all the times we shared, I wish for those days again. |
| look back vi phrasal | figurative (dwell on the past) | wspominać ndk. |
| | | wspomnieć dk. |
| | As I look back on the past, I must remind myself to look towards the future to better days. |
| pay [sth] back vtr phrasal sep | (return money) | zwracać coś, oddawać coś ndk. |
| | | zwrócić coś, oddać coś dk. |
| | I can't afford to pay back the fifty pounds he lent me. |
| pay [sb] back for [sth] vtr phrasal sep | figurative, informal (take revenge for [sth]) (przenośny) | odpłacać komuś za coś ndk. + przyim. |
| | (przenośny) | odpłacić komuś za coś dk. + przyim. |
| | How shall I pay him back for that dirty trick he played on me? |
| pay [sb] back for doing [sth] vtr phrasal sep | figurative, informal (take revenge for [sth]) (przenośny) | odpłacać komuś za zrobienie czegoś zwrot ndk. |
| | (przenośny) | odpłacić komuś za zrobienie czegoś zwrot dk. |
| | I still haven't paid you back for humiliating me in front of all my friends. |
Formy złożone:
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| double back vtr | (fold back) | składać ndk. |
| | | złożyć dk. |
| double back vtr | (go opposite direction along same path) | mijać ndk. |
| | | minąć dk. |
| | I'm sorry I'm late, but I missed the turn-off for the beach and had to double back. |
| draw back from [sth/sb] v expr | (retreat) | wycofywać się skądś zwr. ndk. |
| | | wycofać się skądś zwr. dk. |
| | He ordered his troops to draw back from the border. |
| draw [sth] back vtr + prep | (pull away, apart) | wycofywać się zwr. ndk. |
| | | wycofać się zwr. dk. |
| | When I drew back the curtains, sunlight flooded in. |
| echo back to vtr | (computing: relay or send to) | tłumaczenie niedostępne |
echo back [sth] to [sb],
echo [sth] back to [sb] v expr | figurative (repeat [sb]'s opinion words back to) (przenośny) | odbijać echem ndk. + n |
| | | odbić echem dk. + n |
| | You will not receive a good grade if you simply echo back the author's words to the teacher. |
fall back,
fall-back vi | (turn to, resort to: [sth]) | zwracać się do |
| | | zwrócić się do |
| Uwaga: hyphen used when term is a noun or an adj before a noun |
| | If Plan A doesn't work we can always fall back on Plan B. |
fall-back position,
fallback position n | (alternate plan) | zapasowy plan przym. + m |
| | What's our fallback position if this campaign doesn't work either? |
fallback,
fall-back n as adj | informal (backup, used as last recourse) | wyjście awaryjne n + przym. |
| | (kolokwialny) | plan B wyr. |
| | What is our best fallback option if the band decides to cancel? |
| | Jakie jest nasze wyjście awaryjne, jeśli zespół odwoła koncert? |
be fed up to the back teeth of doing [sth],
be sick to the back teeth of doing [sth] v expr | figurative, informal (be exasperated by [sth] repeated) | mieć po dziurki w nosie zwrot ndk. |
| Uwaga: also "with doing sth" |
| | She said angrily that she was fed up to the back teeth of hearing us bicker. |
| feed [sth] back to [sb] v expr | (relay [sth] back to) | przekazywać komuś coś ndk. |
| | | przekazać komuś coś dk. |
| | Karen appreciates her staff feeding back intormation to her on a regular basis. |
| get back at vtr | (take revenge on) | mścić się na ndk. + przyim. |
| | | zemścić się na dk. + przyim. |
| | He wanted to get back at them for making his life miserable. |
| get back in shape v expr | informal (regain fitness) | poprawiać kondycję ndk. + ż |
| | | poprawić kondycję dk. + ż |
| | I bought a gym membership to get back in shape. |
| get back on track v expr | figurative, informal (regain focus) (przenośny) | wrócić na właściwe tory zwrot dk. |
| | Josh is behind on his schoolwork. He needs to get back on track. |
| get back to vtr | (resume) | powracać do ndk. + przyim. |
| | | powrócić do dk. + przyim. |
| | I'd love to talk more but I have to get back to my work now. |
| get back to vtr | (return to, go back to) | powracać do ndk. + przyim. |
| | | powrócić do dk. + przyim. |
| | It would be nice to get back to my hometown one day. |
| give back vtr | (return: [sth] to [sb]) | zwracać ndk. |
| | | zwrócić dk. |
| | Did you give me back the pen I lent you? |
| glance back vi + adv | (look briefly behind) | spoglądać do tyłu zwrot ndk. |
| | | spojrzeć do tyłu zwrot dk. |
| | As she walked away, she glanced back to see if he was still there. |
| go back to doing [sth] v expr | (revert to doing [sth]) | wracać do czegoś ndk. + przyim. |
| | | wrócić do czegoś dk. + przyim. |
| | Sheila went back to using drugs. |
| go back on a promise v expr | (break your word) | niedotrzymywać ndk. |
| | (niedotrzymać) | B dk. |
| | I can't believe that you, my own brother, would go back on your promise to loan me the money. |
| go back to bed v expr | (return to bed) | wracać do łóżka zwrot ndk. |
| | | wrócić do łóżka zwrot dk. |
| | When I saw it was raining outside I decided to go back to bed. |
| hand back vtr | (return, give back) | zwracać ndk. |
| | | zwrócić dk. |
| | The immigration official handed back the passport without comment. |
| hark back vi | (return: to era, subject) | powracać ndk. |
| | | powrócić dk. |
| | It is a tradition harking back to the early days of settlement. |
| have [sth] back vtr + adv | (something: be returned) | zwracać ndk. |
| | | zwrócić dk. |
| | Dad wants me to have the car back by supper time. |
| | Tata chce, żebym do kolacji zwrócił mu samochód. |
| have [sb] back vtr + adv | (person: invite again) | zapraszać kogoś ponownie zwrot ndk. |
| | | zaprosić kogoś ponownie zwrot dk. |
| | After they left, we decided never to have them back again. |
| have [sb]'s back v expr | informal, figurative (be ready to defend) | mieć w kimś oparcie zwrot ndk. |
| head back vi | (start to go back, return) | zaczynać wracać |
| | | zacząć wracać |
| | It's getting late, lets head back home. |
| hit back vi | literal (retaliate) | brać odwet ndk. + m |
| | | wziąć odwet dk. + m |
| | Iran has warned it will hit back if it is attacked by the United States. |
| hold back vtr | (restrain) | powstrzymywać ndk. |
| | | powstrzymać dk. |
| | She had had such a bad day, she couldn't hold back the tears any longer. |
| in back of prep | US (behind) | z tyłu przyim. + m |
| | I'm sure we have cheese in the refrigerator. Did you look in back of the milk on the top shelf? |
| keep back vi | (stay at distance) | nie zbliżać się part. + zwr. ndk. |
| | A notice outside the monkeys' cage warns visitors to keep back. |
| knock back vtr | informal (impede progress of) | przeszkadzać ndk. |
| | | przeszkodzić dk. |
| knock back vtr | slang (drink greedily) (potoczny) | wychylać ndk. |
| | | wychylić dk. |
| laid back adj | informal (relaxed) | zrelaksowany przym. |
| | He had a laid back attitude to his job. |
| laid-back attitude n | informal (relaxed approach) | zrelaksowane podejście przym. + n |
| | Rita's laid-back attitude sometimes infuriated her boss. |
| lead back vi | (card game: play same suit as partner) | doprowadzać ndk. |
| | | doprowadzić dk. |
| lead back vtr | (show way to original location) | doprowadzać do ndk. + przyim. |
| | | doprowadzić do dk. + przyim. |
| | I want to return to the hotel. Can someone lead me back? |
| lean back vi + adv | (recline) | odchylać się zwr. ndk. |
| | | odchylić się zwr. dk. |
| | George leaned back in his armchair and sighed contentedly. |
| look back vi | literal (look behind) | patrzeć do tyłu zwrot ndk. |
| | Don't look back. Whatever's chasing you might be gaining on you. (Satchel Paige) . |
| look back on vtr | (reminisce about) | wspominać ndk. |
| | | wspomnieć dk. |
| | I look back on my years in school and smile. |
| looking back adv | (in hindsight) | patrząc wstecz |
| | Looking back on the night's events, she felt remorseful. |
| lower back n | (lumbar region) | dolna część kręgosłupa wyr. |
| | (potoczny) | krzyż m |
| | My chair's shaped so that my lower back is well-supported. |
| lower back pain n | (discomfort in lowest part of the back) | ból w niższym krzyżu wyr. |
| | Poor posture can result in lower back pain. |
| move back vi + adv | (step backwards, retreat) | cofać się zwr. ndk. |
| | | cofnąć się zwr. dk. |
| | I moved back when I saw the Rottweiler in my path. |
| move back vi + adv | (return to previous location) | wracać z powrotem ndk. + przyim. + m |
| | | powracać z powrotem dk. + przyim. + m |
| | I will move back home when my exams finish. |
| move [sth] back vtr + adv | (place in previous location) | przenosić coś z powrotem zwrot ndk. |
| | | przenieść coś z powrotem zwrot dk. |
| | We had moved the furniture to the sides of the room to create space for people to dance at the party, and the next day we moved it back. |
| not hold back v expr | informal (express feelings freely) | swobodnie wyrażać uczucia zwrot ndk. |
| | | swobodnie wyrazić uczucia zwrot dk. |
| not hold back v expr | (not restrain oneself) | nie powstrzymywać się part. + zwr. ndk. |
| | In self-defense, one should not hold back. |
| not look back v expr | (not glance behind) | nie patrzeć wstecz zwrot ndk. |
| | | nie spojrzeć wstecz zwrot dk. |
| not look back v expr | figurative (not dwell on the past) | nie żyć przeszłością zwrot ndk. |
| on [sb]'s back adj | (nagging [sb] to do [sth]) | na czyichś plecach |
| | I've got my boss on my back about these late reports. |
| | My mother's always on my back about my homework. |
| on the back burner adv | figurative (low priority) | odłożony na później wyr. |
| | That project's on the back burner for now, while I attend to more urgent matters. |
| on your back adv | (position: supine, facing up) | na plecach przyim. + ż, l.mn. |
| | Lie on your back and look at the clouds drifting overhead. |
| pat on the back n | informal, figurative (congratulations) | klepnięcie po plecach wyr. |
| | His year-end bonus was a pat on the back for his hard work that year. |
| pat yourself on the back v expr | figurative, informal (congratulate yourself) | gratulować sobie ndk. + zaim. |
| | | pogratulować sobie ndk. + zaim. |
| | You can all pat yourselves on the back. Well done, team! |
| Pat yourself on the back. interj | figurative, informal (well done) | świetna robota przym. + ż |
| | Congratulations on a job well done. Pat yourself on the back. |
| pay back vtr | literal (return borrowed money to) | zwracać ndk. |
| | | zwrócić dk. |
| | I will pay you back the £5 tomorrow. |
| pay back vtr | figurative, informal (take revenge on) | brać odwet ndk. + m |
| | | wziąć odwet dk. + m |
| | I will pay him back for what he did. |