Složené tvary
|
| be accompanied by [sb/sth] v expr | (go in company with) | být doprovázen ned + příč ned |
| be accompanied by [sth] v expr | (coexist with) | překlad není dostupný |
at the hands of [sb],
at the hand of [sb],
by the hands of [sb],
by the hand of [sb] prep | (because of) (přeneseně) | rukama ž mn |
| | (přeneseně) | v rukou předl + ž mn |
| | Many women die at the hands of their own families for perceived dishonor. |
at [sb]'s hands,
at [sb]'s hand,
by [sb]'s hands,
by [sb]'s hand prep | (because of) (přeneseně) | rukama ž mn |
| | (přeneseně) | v rukou předl + ž mn |
| be tainted by [sth] v expr | figurative (experience: be spoiled by [sth]) (zážitek) | být zkažený, být pokažený ned + příd |
| | My memories of the wedding are tainted by the argument that broke out at the reception. |
| be beset by [sth] v expr | (surrounded by) (turisty apod.) | zavalený, obležený příd |
| | The farmhouse is beset by a dense forest. |
| be beset by [sth] v expr | figurative (assailed: by difficulties, doubts, etc.) | sužovaný příd |
| | | sužovat ned |
| | Joan was suddenly beset by doubts as to her brother's motives. |
| | Joan zničehonic začala být sužovaná pochybnostmi o motivech svého bratra. |
besotted by [sb],
besotted with [sb] adj + prep | (infatuated) | blázen do m + předl |
| | | zamilovaný do příd + předl |
| | Gary is besotted by Evie and would do anything for her. |
| | Gary je blázen do Evie a udělal by pro ní cokoli. |
| bit by bit adv | informal (gradually) | kousek po kousku fráze |
| | | postupně přísl |
| | The baker adds the flour bit by bit, folding it into the mixture. |
| bothered by [sth] adj + prep | (concerned, troubled) | znepokojený příd |
| | | ustaraný příd |
| | | sužovaný příd |
| | I am bothered by the way he treats my daughter. |
| | Jsem znepokojený tím, jak se chová k mé dceři. |
| by a hair adv | (by a very slight margin, only just) | o chlup, o fous |
| | | o vlásek |
| | The truck missed the cyclist by a hair. |
| by accident adv | (mistakenly, not intentionally) | náhodou, náhodně |
| | I spilt some coffee on the carpet by accident. |
| by all accounts adv | (according to everyone) | podle všeho předl + záj |
| | | podle všech předl + záj |
| | I'm sorry I never met Mr Greene. By all accounts, he was a lovely man. |
| by all means adv | (of course, certainly) | určitě, každopádně, rozhodně přísl |
| | "Can I borrow your pen for a moment?" "By all means!" |
| by and by adv | (in a while) | co nevidět fráze |
| | | za chvíli předl + ž |
| by and by adv | (eventually) | nakonec přísl |
| | Be patient! I'll get around to it by and by. |
| by and large adv | (in general, on the whole) | celkem, vcelku přísl |
| | | celkově vzato přísl + příč dok |
| | Not everything about my job is good, but by and large, I enjoy it. |
| by any chance adv | (possibly) | náhodou přísl |
| | Would you by any chance be able to lend me $10? |
| by any means adv | (in any way, via any method) | jakkoli záj |
| | | jakýmkoli způsobem záj + m |
| by birth adv | (through natural talent) (talent) | přirozeně přísl |
| | (talent) | od narození předl + s |
| | He was an artist by birth. |
| by birth adv | (through one's family) (např. místo narození) | původem m |
| | The U.S. Constitution requires the president to be American by birth, not a naturalized citizen. |
| by bus adv | (travel or transport: on a bus) | autobusem |
| | Amy usually travels to work by bus. |
| by car adv | (via motor vehicle) | autem s |
| | By car, you could get from Lansing to Detroit in about two hours. |
| by chance adv | (coincidentally) | náhodou přísl |
| | | shodou okolností ž + ž mn |
| | I met my French teacher by chance in the supermarket. |
| by contrast adv | (on the other hand) | naopak přísl |
| | | naproti tomu přísl + záj |
| | I'm always late but you, by contrast, are always on time. |
| by default adv | (not actively or purposefully) | ve výchozím stavu fráze |
| | | standardně, normálně přísl |
| | Jenny hadn't ever given much thought to her career and had ended up as a secretary by default. |
| by dint of [sth] prep | dated (by means of: work, effort) | díky, pomocí předl |
| | By dint of brilliant organization, we were able to depart on time. |
| by doing adv | informal (by practising, on the job) | za pochodu předl + m |
| | | v praxi předl + ž |
| | I've never been great at tests and exams: learn best by doing. |
| by extension adv | (in a more general sense) | v širším slova smyslu fráze |
| | Calling me a dumb blonde insults me and, by extension, insults all women with blonde hair. |
| by far adv | (by a large margin) | s velkým odstupem, s velkým rozdílem fráze |
| | The U.S. is, by far, the largest producer of corn in the world. |
| by hand adv | (manually, not by machine) | ručně přísl |
| | | manuálně přísl |
| | You can see that these tools were made by hand. |
| by heart adv | (from memory) | nazpaměť přísl |
| | I learnt the sonnet by heart. |
| by implication adv | (following from [sth]) | důsledkem m |
| by itself adv | (without help) | samo záj |
| | | sám o sobě fráze |
| | The bruise will go away by itself. |
| by itself adv | (without adornment) (bez ozdob) | sám o sobě fráze |
| | Does the dress look good by itself, or should I put on gold beads? |
| by law adv | (legally) | podle zákona přísl + m |
| | By law, in England, the minimum age for buying alcoholic beverages is eighteen. |
| by means of [sth] prep | (via) | pomocí předl |
| | | prostřednictvím předl |
| | The artist has depicted the light falling on the objects by means of crosshatching. |
| by mistake adv | (accidentally, not on purpose) | omylem přísl |
| | By mistake, I gave him your phone number instead of mine! |
| by no means adv | (not at all, not in any way) | v žádném případě fráze |
| | This handbag costs £300, but it's by no means the most expensive one in the shop. |
| by now adv | (before this moment) | už přísl |
| | | touhle dobou záj + ž |
| | | doposud přísl |
| | My guests should have arrived by now – dinner's getting cold. |
| | Hosté už tu měli být – vystydne jim večeře. |
| by post adv | (through the mail) | poštou ž |
| | Can you either fax it to me or send it by post? |
| by reason of expr | (because of) | z důvodu předl + m |
| | | kvůli předl |
| | Sarah was found innocent by reason of insanity. |
| by that time adv | (in the past) (v minulosti) | do té doby fráze |
| | My wife got home at midnight. By that time, I had already been asleep for an hour. |
| by that time adv | (in the future) (v budoucnosti) | do té doby fráze |
| | | v té době fráze |
| | Where will you be in 50 years? By that time, I will be an old man! |
| by the book adv | figurative (according to rules) | podle pravidel předl + s mn |
| | | podle předpisů předl + m mn |
| | My boss likes to do things by the book. |
by the by,
by the bye adv | (by the way) | mimochodem část |
| | What result, by the by, did you get in the exam? |
by the by,
by the bye adj | informal (incidental) | vedlejší příd |
| | | podružný příd |
| | The choir's robes are by the by; it's their singing that we have come for. |
| by the end adv | (before the final moment) | před koncem předl + m |
| | | ke konci předl + m |
| | By the end of the first chapter, I could guess the solution to the mystery. I'm usually exhausted by the end of the day. |
| | Záhadu jsem dokázal rozluštit ještě před koncem první kapitoly. |
| by the same token expr | (similarly) | ze stejného důvodu fráze |
| | | podobně přísl |
| by the time adv | (at some point before) | než sp |
| | | dřív než přísl + sp |
| | You better have your chores done by the time I get home or you're in big trouble. The traffic was so bad that by the time I got to the office I was 20 minutes late. |
| | Koukej mít udělané úkoly, než přijdu domů, jinak máš průšvih. |
| by the way expr | (incidentally) | mimochodem část |
| | By the way, have you seen this before? |
| by then adv | (sometime before a future point) | - |
| | By then it will be too late. The party starts at 7:00? That's okay – I should be ready by then. |
| | Večírek začíná v 7:00? V pohodě, to už bych měla být hotová. |
| by this time adv | (at some point before this moment) | do této doby fráze |
| | | v tuto dobu fráze |
| | I would normally be in bed by this time. |
| | By this time, you should have finished studying for the exam. |
| by train adv | (travel or transport: on a train) | vlakem |
| | The easiest way to get there is by train. |
| by virtue of expr | formal (because of) | z důvodu předl + m |
| | | na základě předl + m |
| | By virtue of your mere presence, the theater's attendance doubled. |
| by way of [sth] prep | (going through) | přes předl |
| | She flew from Khartoum to Kathmandu by way of Dubai. |
| | Letěla z Chartúmu do Káthmándú přes Dubaj. |
| by way of [sth] prep | (as) | jakožto sp |
| | | jako sp |
| | Glen sent Sandy a box of chocolates by way of an apology. |
by yourself,
all by yourself adv | (without company) (bez přítomnosti další osoby) | sám záj |
by yourself,
all by yourself adv | (without help) (bez pomoci) | sám záj |
byline,
by-line n | (journalism: author's name) (novinový článek apod.) | podtitulek se jménem autora fráze |
bypass [sth],
by-pass⇒ vtr | (go around) | vyhnout se dok |
| | | ob- předp |
| | The truck driver bypassed the small towns in order to arrive quicker. |
| | Řidič kamionu se vyhnul malým městům, aby se do cíle dostal rychleji. |
bypass,
by-pass n | (road around area) | obchvat m |
| | | objížďka ž |
| | We took the bypass because it's quicker. |
| | Projeli jsme obchvatem, protože to je rychlejší. |
byproduct,
by-product n | ([sth] produced while making [sth] else) (ve výrobě) | vedlejší produkt příd + m |
| | Depleted uranium is a byproduct of enrichment. |
byproduct,
by-product n | (additional outcome or result) | vedlejší důsledek příd + m |
| | The reduction in crime has been an unexpected but welcome byproduct of the new policy. |
be characterized by [sth],
also UK: be characterised by [sth] v expr | (have as an identifying trait) (něčím) | vyznačovat se ned |
| | (čím) | být charakterizovaný ned + příd |
| | Summers here are characterized by hot days and cool nights. |
| | Léta se zde vyznačují horkými dny a chladnými nocemi. |
| close by adv | (near, in close proximity) | poblíž, blízko |
| | Gerald's sister lives close by so it's easy for him to visit her. |
close by,
close-by adj | (near) | nedaleký příd |
| | | blízký příd |
| | Is there a close-by store where we could buy eggs? |
| constrained by [sth] adj + prep | (limited: by laws, means) (zákonem, nařízením apod.) | omezený příd |
| | The power of the police is constrained by the law. |
consumed with [sth],
consumed by [sth] adj + prep | figurative (overwhelmed by emotion) (hněvem apod.) | uchvácený, schvácený příd |
| | (hněvem apod.) | sžíraný příd |
| | Paul was consumed with jealousy when he saw Sarah with another man. |
| be controlled by [sb] adj | (person: be manipulated by [sb]) | řízený, ovládaný příč ned |
| | Stacy is controlled by her husband; she will do anything he wants her to do. |
| counterweight [sth] by doing [sth]⇒ vtr | figurative (provide a balance with) (čím) | vykompenzovat dok |
| | (čím) | vyvážit dok |
| | We counterweighted the negative aspects of the deal by offering plenty of freebies. |
| covered by [sth] adj | (with [sth] overlaid) (něčím) | zakrytý, přikrytý příd |
| day by day adv | (gradually) | den za dnem fráze |
| | | postupně přísl |
| | His pain decreased day by day as his injuries gradually healed. |
| be directed by [sb] v expr | (movie: have as director) (film) | režírovaný příd |
| | '2001, A Space Odyssey' was directed by Stanley Kubrick. |
| be directed by [sb] v expr | (project: be coordinated by) (někým) | řízený příd |
| | (někým) | organizovaný příd |
| | This book series was directed by the chair of the department. |
| be directed by [sb] v expr | (be controlled, ordered by) | ovládaný příd |
| | (někým) | řízený příd |
| | The bombing was directed by the top general in charge. |
| divide [sth] by [sth] vtr + prep | often passive (number: find quotient) (v matematice) | děleno příč ned |
| | Twelve divided by six is two. |
| | Dvanáct děleno šesti jsou dvě. |
| divide by [sth] vi + prep | (number: be divisible) (nějakým číslem) | dělit ned |
| | (nějakým číslem) | vydělit dok |
| | 30 does not divide by 8. |
| divided by [sth] adj | (arithmetic: by a number) | děleno příč ned |
| | Twenty-seven divided by nine is three. |
| | Dvacet sedm děleno devíti rovná se tři. |
| divided by [sth] adj | figurative (opinion: by a subject) (názor na něco) | rozdílný příd |
| | (názor na něco) | různící se, rozcházející se příd |
| | The generations are divided by their taste in music, clothing, communication style, and almost everything else. |
don't judge a book by the cover,
don't judge a book by its cover interj | proverb (appearances can be deceptive) | Nesuď knihu podle obalu. fráze |
| | She definitely looks trustworthy, but don't judge a book by its cover. |
| drive-by n | (shooting from a passing car) | střelba z projíždějícího auta fráze |
| | Osman admitted that he was the gunman in a drive-by. |
| drive-by adj | (shooting: from passing car) | střelba z projíždějícího auta fráze |
| | A man has life-threatening injuries after a drive-by incident in Tucson. |
| drop by drop adv | (one droplet at a time) | po kapkách předl + ž mn |
| | Squeeze the rubber bulb of the dropper to release the liquid drop by drop. |
be engaged in [sth],
be engaged by [sth] v expr | (engrossed) (do děje) | vtáhnutý příd |
| | I was so engaged in what Owen was telling me that I missed my bus. |
float [sth] to [sb],
float [sth] by [sb] vtr + prep | (idea: suggest to [sb]) (myšlenku) | nadhodit dok |
| | Ron went to his boss to float an idea by him, but he didn't get a meeting. |
follow [sth] up by doing [sth],
follow up [sth] by doing [sth] v expr | (make further communication) (v komunikaci) | pokračovat ned |
| | John followed up his interview by sending a thank-you note. |
| fringed by [sth] adj + prep | (bordered, surrounded) (něčím) | obklopený příd |
| | The cabin was fringed by thick forest on all sides. |
| get bogged down in/by [sth] v expr | figurative, informal (stuck: in activity, etc.) | uvíznout, zaseknout se dok |
| | I thought I would be able to leave early, but I got bogged down by paperwork. |