복합형태:
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| be accompanied by [sb/sth] v expr | (go in company with) | ~와/과 동행하다 |
| | | ~을/를 동반하다 |
| be accompanied by [sth] v expr | (coexist with) | ~을/를 수반하다 |
at the hands of [sb],
at the hand of [sb],
by the hands of [sb],
by the hand of [sb] prep | (because of) | ~의 손에 의해, ~에 의해 |
| | Many women die at the hands of their own families for perceived dishonor. |
at [sb]'s hands,
at [sb]'s hand,
by [sb]'s hands,
by [sb]'s hand prep | (because of) | ~의 손에 의해, ~에 의해 |
| be tainted by [sth] v expr | figurative (experience: be spoiled by [sth]) | ~ 때문에 엉망이 되다 동 |
| | | ~로 더럽혀지다 |
| | My memories of the wedding are tainted by the argument that broke out at the reception. |
| | 결혼식에 대한 내 기억은 피로연에서 일어난 말다툼 때문에 엉망이 되었다. |
| be beset by [sth/sb] v expr | (under attack: from enemy) | ~에게 습격당하다 동 |
| | The campers were beset by a family of bears. |
| be beset by [sth] v expr | (surrounded by) | ~에 포위되다, ~에 둘러싸이다 |
| | The farmhouse is beset by a dense forest. |
| be beset by [sth] v expr | figurative (assailed: by difficulties, doubts, etc.) | ~에 시달리다 동 |
| | Joan was suddenly beset by doubts as to her brother's motives. |
besotted by [sb],
besotted with [sb] adj + prep | (infatuated) | ~에 푹 빠진 동 |
| | Gary is besotted by Evie and would do anything for her. |
| bit by bit adv | informal (gradually) | 조금씩, 점점 |
| | The baker adds the flour bit by bit, folding it into the mixture. |
| bothered by [sth] adj + prep | (concerned, troubled) | ~을 신경 쓰이는 형 |
| | I am bothered by the way he treats my daughter. |
| | 나는 그가 내 딸을 대하는 태도가 신경쓰인다. |
| bound by [sth] adj + prep | figurative (legally obligated) (비유) | 의무가 있는, 속박된 |
| | | 튀다, 튕기다 |
| | We are bound by the terms of the contract. |
| | 우리는 계약 조건을 이행할 의무가 있다. |
| by a hair adv | (by a very slight margin, only just) | 간신히, 위기일발로 |
| | The truck missed the cyclist by a hair. |
| by accident adv | (mistakenly, not intentionally) | 우연히 |
| | I spilt some coffee on the carpet by accident. |
| by all accounts adv | (according to everyone) | 모두의 말에 의하면 |
| | I'm sorry I never met Mr Greene. By all accounts, he was a lovely man. |
| by all means adv | (of course, certainly) | 그럼, 당연하지 |
| | "Can I borrow your pen for a moment?" "By all means!" |
| | "잠깐 펜 좀 빌려도 돼?" "그럼(or: 당연하지)!" |
| by and by adv | (in a while) | 얼마 후, 조만간, 곧 |
| by and by adv | (eventually) | 결국, 언젠가는 |
| | Be patient! I'll get around to it by and by. |
| by and large adv | (in general, on the whole) | 대체로 |
| | Not everything about my job is good, but by and large, I enjoy it. |
| | 내 일의 모든 것이 좋은 건 아니지만, 난 대체로 일을 즐기는 편이다. |
| by any chance adv | (possibly) | 혹시라도 |
| | Would you by any chance be able to lend me $10? |
| by any means adv | (in any way, via any method) | 어떻게 해서라도 |
| by car adv | (via motor vehicle) | 자동차로, 차로 |
| | By car, you could get from Lansing to Detroit in about two hours. |
| by chance adv | (coincidentally) | 우연히 |
| | I met my French teacher by chance in the supermarket. |
| | 나는 슈퍼마켓에서 우연히 프랑스어 선생님을 만났다. |
| by contrast adv | (on the other hand) | 반면, 반대로 부 |
| | I'm always late but you, by contrast, are always on time. |
| by default adv | (not actively or purposefully) | 자연스레, 자동으로 |
| | Jenny hadn't ever given much thought to her career and had ended up as a secretary by default. |
| by default adv | (sports: due to non-participation) | 부전승으로 |
| | When his opponent pulled out of the match, Barry won by default. |
| by dint of [sth] prep | dated (by means of: work, effort) | ~에 의하여 |
| | By dint of brilliant organization, we were able to depart on time. |
| by doing adv | informal (by practising, on the job) | 실무를 통해, 실전을 통해 |
| | I've never been great at tests and exams: learn best by doing. |
| by extension adv | (in a more general sense) | 더 나아가 |
| | Calling me a dumb blonde insults me and, by extension, insults all women with blonde hair. |
| by far adv | (by a large margin) | 단연, 단연코 |
| | The U.S. is, by far, the largest producer of corn in the world. |
| | 미국은 단연 (or: 단연코) 세계 최대 옥수수 생산국이다. |
| by hand adv | (manually, not by machine) | 수동으로, 손으로 |
| | You can see that these tools were made by hand. |
| by heart adv | (from memory) | 암기로, 외워서 부 |
| | I learnt the sonnet by heart. |
| by implication adv | (following from [sth]) | 함축적으로 부 |
| by itself adv | (without help) | 저절로, 스스로 |
| | | 자연히 |
| | The bruise will go away by itself. |
| by itself adv | (without adornment) | 그 자체로 |
| | Does the dress look good by itself, or should I put on gold beads? |
| by law adv | (legally) | 법적으로 |
| | | 규정에 따라 |
| | By law, in England, the minimum age for buying alcoholic beverages is eighteen. |
| by means of [sth] prep | (via) (수단) | ~로, ~로써 조 |
| | | ~을 통해 부 |
| | The artist has depicted the light falling on the objects by means of crosshatching. |
| by mistake adv | (accidentally, not on purpose) | 실수로 |
| | By mistake, I gave him your phone number instead of mine! |
| by name expr | (using [sb]'s name) | 이름으로 |
| by name expr | (by repute) | 이름만, 이름은 |
| by no means adv | (not at all, not in any way) (결코) | ~ 아니다 |
| | This handbag costs £300, but it's by no means the most expensive one in the shop. |
| | 이 핸드백은 가격이 300파운드지만 상점에서 가장 비싼 물건은 아니다. |
| by now adv | (before this moment) | 지금쯤, 이제 부 |
| | My guests should have arrived by now – dinner's getting cold. |
| by post adv | (through the mail) | 우편으로 부 |
| | Can you either fax it to me or send it by post? |
| by reason of expr | (because of) | ~로 인해, ~을 이유로 |
| | Sarah was found innocent by reason of insanity. |
| by that time adv | (in the past) (과거) | 그때에는, 그 시점에는 |
| | My wife got home at midnight. By that time, I had already been asleep for an hour. |
| by that time adv | (in the future) (미래) | 그때가 되면 |
| | Where will you be in 50 years? By that time, I will be an old man! |
| by the book adv | figurative (according to rules) | 규정대로, 규칙대로 |
| | My boss likes to do things by the book. |
by the by,
by the bye adv | (by the way) | 그건 그렇고, 그나저나 |
| | What result, by the by, did you get in the exam? |
by the by,
by the bye adj | informal (incidental) | 부수적인, 중요하지 않은 |
| | The choir's robes are by the by; it's their singing that we have come for. |
| by the end adv | (before the final moment) | 마지막/끝 부분에 부 |
| | By the end of the first chapter, I could guess the solution to the mystery. |
| | I'm usually exhausted by the end of the day. |
| by the same token expr | (similarly) | 마찬가지로 부 |
| by the side of expr | (next to) | ~가에서 부 |
| | Our fishing camp is built by the side of the lake. |
| by the time adv | (at some point before) (시간) | ~까지 조 |
| | | ~할 즈음에 부 |
| | You better have your chores done by the time I get home or you're in big trouble. |
| | The traffic was so bad that by the time I got to the office I was 20 minutes late. |
| by the way expr | (incidentally) | 그건 그렇고, 그런데 |
| | By the way, have you seen this before? |
| | 그건 그렇고 (or: 그런데) 이거 본 적 있어? |
| by then adv | (sometime before a future point) | 그 무렵에 부 |
| | By then it will be too late. The party starts at 7:00? That's okay – I should be ready by then. |
| by this time adv | (at some point before this moment) | 지금쯤, 이 시각이면 부 |
| | I would normally be in bed by this time. |
| | By this time, you should have finished studying for the exam. |
| by train adv | (travel or transport: on a train) | 기차를 타고 |
| | The easiest way to get there is by train. |
| by virtue of expr | formal (because of) | ~ 덕분에, ~ 덕택에 |
| | By virtue of your mere presence, the theater's attendance doubled. |
| by way of [sth] prep | (going through) | ~을 거쳐, ~을 경유하여 부 |
| | She flew from Khartoum to Kathmandu by way of Dubai. |
| by way of [sth] prep | (as) (수단) | ~로, ~로써 |
| | Glen sent Sandy a box of chocolates by way of an apology. |
| | 글렌은 사과의 의미로 (or: 의미로써) 샌디에게 초콜릿 한 상자를 보냈다. |
| by which pron | (by the thing just mentioned) | ~으로, ~에 의해 |
| | Plato was the name by which Aristocles of Athens became better known. |
by yourself,
all by yourself adv | (without company) | 너 혼자서 |
by yourself,
all by yourself adv | (without help) | 너 스스로, 도움 없이 |
by-election,
bye-election n | UK (special election) | 보궐 선거, 보결 선거 |
byline,
by-line n | (journalism: line with author's name) (저널리즘) | 작성자 표시줄 명 |
| | The news site has spelt this journalist's name wrong in the byline. |
bypass [sth],
by-pass⇒ vtr | (go around) | ~을 우회하다, ~로 돌아가다 동 (타) |
| | The truck driver bypassed the small towns in order to arrive quicker. |
| | 트럭 운전사는 더 일찍 도착하려고 작은 도시를 우회했다. |
bypass,
by-pass n | (road around area) | 우회로 명 |
| | We took the bypass because it's quicker. |
| | 더 빠르기 때문에 우회로를 탔다. |
byproduct,
by-product n | ([sth] produced while making [sth] else) | 부산물 명 |
| | Depleted uranium is a byproduct of enrichment. |
byproduct,
by-product n | (additional outcome or result) (예측하지 못한) | 부가적 결과물 명 |
| | The reduction in crime has been an unexpected but welcome byproduct of the new policy. |
| byway n | (side road) | 옆길, 샛길 명 |
childfree by choice,
childless by choice,
also UK: child-free by choice expr | (voluntarily having no children) | 자식을 갖지 않기로 한, 자녀를 갖지 않기로 한 |
| | Glen and his wife are childless by choice, although they have three dogs. |
| close by adv | (near, in close proximity) | 가까운, 근접한 |
| | Gerald's sister lives close by so it's easy for him to visit her. |
close by,
close-by adj | (near) | 가까운 |
| | | 근처의, 근방의 |
| | | 바로 옆에 |
| | Is there a close-by store where we could buy eggs? |
| constrained by [sth] adj + prep | (limited: by laws, means) | ~에 의해 제한되는 동 |
| | The power of the police is constrained by the law. |
consumed with [sth],
consumed by [sth] adj + prep | figurative (overwhelmed by emotion) (감정) | ~에 사로잡힌 형+전 |
| | Paul was consumed with jealousy when he saw Sarah with another man. |
| be controlled by [sb] adj | (person: be manipulated by [sb]) | ~에게 통제 받는 동 |
| | Stacy is controlled by her husband; she will do anything he wants her to do. |
| covered by [sth] adj | (having [sth] overlaid) (커버, 덮개 등으로) | ~에 덮인 동 |
| | The burials took place in an area now covered by housing. |
| | 장례는 이제 집들로 덮인 곳에서 진행됐다. |
| day by day adv | (gradually) | 서서히, 조금씩, 차츰 |
| | His pain decreased day by day as his injuries gradually healed. |
| die by suicide v expr | (kill oneself) | 자살하다 |
| die by your own hand v expr | (kill oneself) | 스스로 목숨을 끊다 |
| be directed by [sb] v expr | (movie: have as director) (영화) | ~가 감독하다 동 |
| | '2001, A Space Odyssey' was directed by Stanley Kubrick. |
| be directed by [sb] v expr | (project: be coordinated by) (프로젝트 등) | ~가 총괄하다 동 |
| | This book series was directed by the chair of the department. |
| be directed by [sb] v expr | (be controlled, ordered by) | ~가 지시하다, 명령하다 동 |
| | The bombing was directed by the top general in charge. |
disillusioned by [sth],
disillusioned with [sth] adj + prep | (disappointed by [sth]) | ~에 환멸을 느끼는, ~에 실망한 |
| | Many school leavers are disillusioned by the lack of opportunities open to them. |
| divide [sth] by [sth] vtr + prep | often passive (number: find quotient) (수학) | ~을 ~로 나누다 동(타) |
| | Twelve divided by six is two. |
| divide by [sth] vi + prep | (number: be divisible) (수학) | ~로 나누어떨어지다 동 |
| | 30 does not divide by 8. |
| divided by [sth] adj | (arithmetic: by a number) (연산) | ~로 나눈 동 |
| | Twenty-seven divided by nine is three. |
| divided by [sth] adj | figurative (opinion: by a subject) (비유적, 의견 등) | ~을 기준으로 구분되는 동 |
| | The generations are divided by their taste in music, clothing, communication style, and almost everything else. |
don't judge a book by the cover,
don't judge a book by its cover interj | proverb (appearances can be deceptive) | 외관으로 평가하지 마라 |
| | She definitely looks trustworthy, but don't judge a book by its cover. |
| drive-by n | (shooting from a passing car) | 주행 중 총격 |
| | Osman admitted that he was the gunman in a drive-by. |
| drive-by adj | (shooting: from passing car) | 주행 중 총격 |
| | A man has life-threatening injuries after a drive-by incident in Tucson. |
| drop by drop adv | (one droplet at a time) | 방울방울 |
| | Squeeze the rubber bulb of the dropper to release the liquid drop by drop. |
be engaged in [sth],
be engaged by [sth] v expr | (engrossed) | ~에 몰두하다, ~에 몰입하다 동 |
| | I was so engaged in what Owen was telling me that I missed my bus. |
| | 나는 오웬의 말에 너무 몰두해서 (or: 몰입해서) 버스를 놓치고 말았다. |
float [sth] to [sb],
float [sth] by [sb] vtr + prep | (idea: suggest to [sb]) | ~에게 ~을 제안하다 동 |
| | Ron went to his boss to float an idea by him, but he didn't get a meeting. |