成句・複合語：
|
| advise against [sth] vi + prep | (warn [sth] is unwise) | ～しないよう忠告する
HHiragana～しないようちゅうこくする |
| | I'd advise against that course of action. |
| | そうすべきではない。 |
| advise against doing [sth] v expr | (warn not to do [sth]) | ～しないよう忠告する 動詞句
HHiragana～しないようちゅうこくする |
| | I'd advise against travelling alone in the desert. |
| advise [sb] against [sth] vtr + prep | (warn [sb] [sth] is unwise) | ～に～しないよう忠告する 他動
HHiragana～に～しないようちゅうこくする |
| | I'd advise you against that approach, which can be costly. |
| advise [sb] against doing [sth] v expr | (warn [sb] not to do [sth]) | ～に～しないよう忠告する 動詞句
HHiragana～に～しないようちゅうこくする |
| | I'd advise you against sailing today; the weather is turning nasty. |
| against all odds adv | (highly improbably) | 予想外に、予想に反して、驚いたことに
HHiraganaよそうがいに、よそうにはんして、おどろいたことに |
| | Julie fell out of the moving train. She survived against all odds. |
| against expectations adv | (surprisingly) | 驚いたことに、意外と
HHiraganaおどろいたことに、いがいと |
against his will,
against her will adv | (in opposition to wishes) | 彼の意に反して 副
HHiraganaかれのいにはんして |
| | Abby was taken to the cabin in the woods against her will. |
| against the clock adv | (under pressure of time) | 時間と競争して、時間に追われて 副
HHiraganaじかんときょうそうして、じかんにおわれて |
| | It's seems as though I am always working against the clock! These deadlines are ridiculous. |
| against the flow adv | (opposite the current) (川など) | 流れに逆らって、逆流して 自動
HHiraganaながれにさからって、ぎゃくりゅうして |
| | She set her kayak against the flow and began to paddle upstream. |
| against the flow adv | (against general movement) | 逆行して 自動
HHiraganaぎゃっこうして |
| | As the crowd of lemmings moved toward the cliff, a single animal went against the flow, heading back to the tundra. |
| against the flow adv | figurative (contrary to conventional opinion) (傾向など) | 流れに逆らって 自動
HHiraganaながれにさからって |
| | All my friends are going to college next year, but I'm going against the flow and attending a technical school. |
| against the law adj | (illegal) | 違法の、法律違反の 形
HHiraganaいほうの、ほうりついはんの |
| | Smoking marijuana is against the law. |
| against the law adv | (illegally) | 違法に 副
HHiraganaいほうに |
| | He was driving against the law as he had just guzzled down seven pints of beer. |
| against time adj | (under pressure of time) | 時間に追われた、時間とにらめっこの 形
HHiraganaじかんにおわれた、じかんとにらめっこの |
| | Residents are in a race against time as flood waters begin to crest along the river. |
| against time adv | (under pressure of time) | 時間に追われて、時間とにらめっこで、時間と闘って 副
HHiraganaじかんにおわれて、じかんとにらめっこで、じかんとたたかって |
| | They're racing against time to find a cure for her illness. |
| | 彼らは時間と闘いながら彼女の病の治療法を見つけている。 |
balance [sth] with [sth],
balance [sth] against [sth] vtr + prep | (offset) | …で…とバランスを取る 動詞句
HHiragana…で…とばらんすをとる |
| | Mindy balanced her long hours at work with a visit to the spa. |
| | ミンディは、スパ訪問で長時間働いたこととバランスを取った。 |
| battle against [sth] vi + prep | figurative (strenuously oppose) (事) | ～と戦う、～と争う 自動
HHiragana～とたたかう、～とあらそう |
| | He battled in vain against the factory closures. |
| battle against [sb] vi + prep | figurative (strenuously oppose) (人) | ～と争う 自動
HHiragana～とあらそう |
| | Ed Miliband battled against his brother David for leadership of the Labour party. |
| be insured against all liability v expr | (protected against insurance claims) | 損害賠償保険を掛ける 動詞句
HHiraganaそんがいばいしょうほけんをかける |
| bear false witness against [sb] v expr | (Bible: lie about [sb]) (聖書) | ～に関して偽証する 自動
HHiragana～にかんしてぎしょうする |
| | You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor. |
| bear witness against [sb] v expr | (testify) | 証言をする、証人となる 動詞句
HHiraganaしょうげんをする、しょうにんとなる |
| | A wife cannot be forced to bear witness against her husband. |
| bet against [sth] vi + prep | (wager against [sth]) | ～と反対のことに賭ける、～に逆らって賭ける 表現
HHiragana～とはんたいのことにかける、～にさからってかける |
| | Oscar lost his money because he bet against the winning horse. |
| | オスカーは勝利馬に賭けなかったので損をした。 |
| bet against [sth] vi + prep | figurative (assume [sth] will fail) | ～でないと予測する 表現
HHiragana～でないとよそくする |
| | I wouldn't bet against his getting the promotion. |
| | 彼はきっと昇格するだろう。 |
| bias against [sth/sb] n | (prejudice: against) | …への偏見 名
HHiragana…へのへんけん |
| | The manager was fired because of his bias against women. |
| | その管理職は、女性への偏見があるとして解雇された。 |
| bias [sb] against [sb/sth]⇒ vtr | (prejudice [sb] against) | ～に対し偏見を持つ 動詞句
HHiragana～にたいしへんけんをもつ |
| | The media may have biased people against voting for Taylor. |
bring [sth],
bring [sth] against [sb]⇒ vtr | (legal: put [sth] forward) (法律) | ～を（～に対して）提起する、起こす 他動
HHiragana～を（～にたいして）ていきする、おこす |
| | She brought a lawsuit against her employer. |
| bring charges against [sb] v expr | (accuse [sb] officially) | 起訴する 他動
HHiraganaきそする |
| brush up against [sth/sb] v expr | (touch) | ～に触れる 自動
HHiragana～にふれる |
| | I brushed up against him just as he was leaving. |
| buck against [sth] vi + prep | figurative (reject, oppose) | 拒絶する、抵抗する 自動
HHiraganaきょぜつする、ていこうする |
| | Congress bucked against the president's proposal. |
| butt up against [sth] v expr | (be adjacent to) | ～に隣接する 自動
HHiragana～にりんせつする |
| | (口語) | ～にくっつく 自動
HHiragana～にくっつく |
| | The decorative moulding butts up against the door. |
| campaign against [sth] vi + prep | (protest against [sth]) (反対) | 運動を起こす、（名詞）運動をする 動詞句
HHiraganaうんどうをおこす、（めいし）うんどうをする |
| | The Abolitionists were campaigning against the slave trade. |
| caution against [sth] vi + prep | (warn against [sth]) | ～しないよう注意する、～しないよう警告する 表現
HHiragana～しないようちゅういする、～しないようけいこくする |
| | (口語) | 止める 他動
HHiraganaとめる |
| | (形式的) | 戒める 他動
HHiraganaいましめる |
| | The doctor cautioned against eating too many sweets. |
| compete against [sth/sb] vi + prep | (sports, competition: try to beat) | ～と対戦する 自動
HHiragana～とたいせんする |
| | Edwards will be competing against some of the best athletes in the world. |
| contend against [sb] vi + prep | formal (oppose, esp. legally) | ～に反論する、～に反対する 自動
HHiragana～にはんろんする、～にはんたいする |
| count against [sb] vi + prep | (be detrimental) | 不利になる、不利益になる 自動
HHiraganaふりになる、ふりえきになる |
| | His criminal record will count against him when he starts applying for jobs. |
| | 彼の犯罪歴は、職探しを始めた時彼にとって不利になるだろう。 |
| crash against [sth] vi + prep | (hit hard) | 打ちつける、叩きつける 自動
HHiraganaうちつける、たたきつける |
| | Waves crashed against the shore. |
| crime against humanity n | often plural (atrocity) | 人道に対する罪、人道犯罪、非人道的犯罪 名
HHiraganaじんどうにたいするつみ、じんどうはんざい、ひじんどうてきはんざい |
| | Genocide is a crime against humanity. |
| Crimes Against Persons npl | (law: violent offences) | 人身犯罪 名
HHiraganaじんしんはんざい |
| crusade against [sth] vi + prep | figurative (campaign against, oppose) | 〜に反（対）して活動［運動］する 動詞句
HHiragana〜にはん（たい）してかつどう［うんどう］する |
| | She's always crusading against injustice, wherever she finds it. |
dash [sth] against [sth],
dash [sth] into [sth] vtr + prep | (throw [sth] against) (助詞「に」で帰着点、方向を示す) | ～を...に投げつける、たたきつける 動詞句
HHiragana～を...になげつける、たたきつける |
| | (助詞「に」で帰着点、方向を示す) | ～を…にぶちまける 動詞句
HHiragana～を…にぶちまける |
| | Janet dashed the plate against the wall. |
| | ジャネットは皿を壁に投げつけた(or: たたきつけた)。 |
| dash against [sth] vi + prep | (strike) | ～に打ちつける 自動
HHiragana～にうちつける |
| | Waves dashed against the shore. |
| dead against [sb/sth] adj + prep | informal (totally opposed to) (人、物) | ～に対して大反対である 形
HHiragana～にたいしてだいはんたいである |
| | I wanted to go to Art School, but my parents were dead against it. |
| | 私は美術学校に行きたかったけれど、両親は大反対だった。 |
| dead set against [sth] adj + prep | informal (resolutely opposed to) | 断固反対の 連体句
HHiraganaだんこはんたいの |
| | Jerry was dead set against the Prime Minister's proposal. |
| decide against [sth] vi + prep | (reject an option) | ～をやめることにする、～をよすことにする 動詞句
HHiragana～をやめることにする、～をよすことにする |
| | Sarah decided against a third cupcake as she was full. |
| decide against doing [sth] v expr | (choose not to) | ～しないと決める、～しないことにする 動詞句
HHiragana～しないときめる、～しないことにする |
| | I decided against going on holiday this year, since I had just lost my job. |
| | 今年は遊びに行かないことにしたよ、だって職を失ったばかりだし。 |
| declare against [sth/sb] vi + prep | (announce opposition to) | 〜への反対を表明する 動詞句
HHiragana〜へのはんたいをひょうめいする |
declare war on [sb/sth],
declare war against [sb/sth] v expr | (state intention to make war with) | 宣戦布告する 自動
HHiraganaせんせんふこくする |
| | France declared war on Prussia on July 19, 1870. |
| | On July 28th 1914 Austria-Hungary declared war against Serbia. |
| demonstrate against [sth/sb] vi + prep | (protest publicly about) | ～に反対のデモを行う 動詞句
HHiragana～にはんたいのでもをおこなう |
| | Protesters are demonstrating against the government. |
| fight against [sth] vi + prep | (contend) | ～に対して戦う 動詞句
HHiragana～にたいしてたたかう |
| | | ～に反抗する 自動
HHiragana～にはんこうする |
| | He fought against the new regulations. |
| find against vtr | (law: rule opposed to [sb]'s position) (法律) | ～に不利な判決を下す
HHiragana～にふりなはんけつをくだす |
| | The jury found against the defendants, who were ordered to pay millions of dollars in damages. |
| fulminate against [sth/sb] vi + prep | (denounce, criticize strongly) | どなりつける、しかりつける 他動
HHiraganaどなりつける、しかりつける |
| go against vtr | (not comply with) (常識・主義など) | ～に従わない 他動
HHiragana～にしたがわない |
| | If you go against his wishes, he will make things difficult for you. |
| go against vtr | (be in opposition to) | ～に反対する 他動
HHiragana～にはんたいする |
| | To go against the mob takes courage. |
| go against the grain v expr | figurative (be unconventional) | 慣例に従わない 形
HHiraganaかんれいにしたがわない |
| go against the grain v expr | figurative (be uncharacteristic) | 性分に合わない、気質に反する
HHiraganaしょうぶんにあわない、きしつにはんする |
| | Your acting dishonestly certainly goes against the grain. |
| | 君が不正直に振舞うことは、もちろん君らしくない。 |
| guard against [sth/sb] vi + prep | (be cautious) | 用心する 、 警戒する 自動
HHiraganaようじんする 、 けいかいする |
| | The travel agent had warned Beth to guard against pickpockets when she traveled abroad. |
| have a bias against vtr | (be prejudiced against) | ～に偏見を持つ 他動
HHiragana～にへんけんをもつ |
| | They have a bias against assertive women. |
| hold it against [sb] v expr | informal (bear a grudge) | ～のことを根に持つ、～を恨む
HHiragana～のことをねにもつ、～をうらむ |
| | She insulted him years ago, and he still holds it against her. |
| hold [sth] against [sb] v expr | (hold a grudge) | ～のことで～を恨む 動詞句
HHiragana～のことで～をうらむ |
| | I won't hold it against you if you don't want to join me. |
immunize [sb] against [sth],
also UK: immunise [sb] against [sth] vtr + prep | (vaccinate [sb] against [sth]) | 〜に〜の予防接種をする、〜に〜のワクチンを接種する 動詞句
HHiragana〜に〜のよぼうせっしゅをする、〜に〜のわくちんをせっしゅする |
| | Children in the U.S. are all immunized against polio. |
| indemnify [sb/sth] against [sth] vtr + prep | (insure: against [sth]) | ～を保障する 他動
HHiragana～をほしょうする |
| | This policy will indemnify you against all loss in case of fires, floods, or theft. |
| inveigh against [sth] vi + prep | formal (attack or criticize [sb] verbally) | 痛烈に非難する、罵倒する 自動
HHiraganaつうれつにひなんする、ばとうする |
| | The priest inveighed against premarital sex. |
| lean against vtr | (put one's weight against for support) | ～にもたれかかる 自動
HHiragana～にもたれかかる |
| | He felt dizzy and had to lean against the wall for support. |
| lean against vtr | (prop [sth] up on [sth]) | （物を）～にもたせかける 自動
HHiragana（ものを）～にもたせかける |
| | The thief leaned his ladder against the wall of the house. |
| lean against [sth] vi + prep | (be propped against [sth]) | （～に）もたれかかる、よりかかる 自動
HHiragana（～に）もたれかかる、よりかかる |
| | The board is leaning against the wall. |
| measure [sth] against [sth] vtr + prep | figurative (compare) | 比較される、優劣がはかられる 他動＋前
HHiraganaひかくされる、ゆうれつがはかられる |
| | The new president's success would always be measured against his predecessor's. |
| | 新しい大統領の成功はいつでも前任と比較されてしまう。 |
| measure against [sth] vi + prep | (compare) | 比較する、優劣をはかる 自動＋前
HHiraganaひかくする、ゆうれつをはかる |
| | He tested his skill to see how he measures against the competition. |
| | 彼は自分のスキルをテストして競争相手との優劣をはかった。 |
| nestle against [sb/sth] vi + prep | (get cosy) | 心地よく寄り添う 動詞句
HHiraganaここちよくよりそう |
| | The baby bird nestled against his mother. |
| nestle [sth] against [sb/sth] vtr + prep | (body part: press closely) | もたせかける、載せる 自動
HHiraganaもたせかける、のせる |
| | (愛情をこめて) | 抱える 、 抱く 他動
HHiraganaかかえる 、 だく |
| | Ben nestled his chin against his girlfriend's shoulder. |
| nuzzle⇒ vtr | (snuggle up) | ～にもたれかかる、～によりかかる 自動
HHiragana～にもたれかかる、～によりかかる |
| | The little boy nuzzled against his mother's neck. |
| offend against [sth] vi + prep | (violate values, rules) (法や規則を) | 破る、犯す 他動
HHiraganaやぶる、おかす |
| | | ～に背く、～に違反する 自動
HHiragana～にそむく、～にいはんする |
| offset [sth] against [sth] vtr + prep | (counterbalance [sth] with [sth]) | ～を～と相殺する 、 埋め合わせる 他動
HHiragana～を～とそうさいする 、 うめあわせる |
| | You can offset any loss you make in a year against your profits. |
| | 一年以内の損失を利益と相殺することができます。 |
| pit [sb/sth] against [sb/sth] vtr + prep | (set to compete or fight) (スポーツ) | ～を競争させる 、 対抗させる 他動
HHiragana～をきょうそうさせる 、 たいこうさせる |
| | This match pits the titleholder against a complete unknown. |
| pitted against [sb] adj + prep | (in competition with) | ～に対抗させられる、～に競わせられる、～に戦わされる 名
HHiragana～にたいこうさせられる、～にきそわせられる、～にたたかわされる |
| play against vtr | (have as an opponent) | ～を相手にする 他動
HHiragana～をあいてにする |
| | Every time I play against Tom, he beats me in every game. |
| prejudice against [sb/sth] n | (bias: hostility) | ～に対する偏見、先入観 名
HHiragana～にたいするへんけん、せんにゅうかん |
| | We should distinguish between prejudice against people and active discrimination. |
| prejudice [sb] against [sb/sth] vtr + prep | (make hostile to) | ～に敵意［反感］を抱く 動詞句
HHiragana～にてきい［はんかん］をだく |
| | The influence of the extreme right wing has prejudiced the party's more moderate elements against ethnic minorities. |
| prejudice [sth] against [sb/sth] vtr + prep | (bias against) | ～に…に対して先入観を持たせる 動詞句
HHiragana～に…にたいしてせんにゅうかんをもたせる |
| | The negative reports have prejudiced public opinion against the actor. |
| press charges against [sb] v expr | (accuse [sb] formally) | ～を告発する 他動
HHiragana～をこくはつする |
| | The mining company pressed charges against the strikers. |
| proof against [sth] adj + prep | (protected) | ～に耐えられる 動詞句
HHiragana～にたえられる |
| | It seems that nothing on the internet is proof against determined hackers. |
| provide against vtr | (guarantee or insure against) | ～に備える 他動
HHiragana～にそなえる |
| | We keep a cellar full of canned food to provide against shortages. |
| rage against [sth/sb] vi + prep | (be angry about) | ～に激怒する、～に怒り狂う 自動
HHiragana～にげきどする、～にいかりくるう |
| | The villagers raged against the proposed new housing development. |
rail,
rail (against) vi | (criticise harshly) | ののしる、抗議する、非難する 自動
HHiraganaののしる、こうぎする、ひなんする |
| react against [sth] vi + prep | (respond negatively to [sth]) | ～に反発する、～に反抗する 自動
HHiragana～にはんぱつする、～にはんこうする |
| | Martha reacted against her parents' strict morals by becoming a rebel. |
redeem [sth] for [sth],
redeem [sth] against [sth] vtr + prep | (coupon: exchange for) | …を…と引き換える 助、助+他動
HHiragana…を…とひきかえる |
| | Roberta redeemed a voucher for a bottle of wine at the supermarket. |
| reinoculate [sb] against [sth]⇒ vtr | (vaccinate again) | ～に再度予防接種する 動詞句
HHiragana～にさいどよぼうせっしゅする |
| revolt against [sth/sb] vi + prep | (rebel, protest) | 〜に反発する 自動
HHiragana〜にはんぱつする |
| | The students revolted against the school's new dress code. |
secure [sth],
secure [sth] against [sth],
secure [sth] from [sth]⇒ vtr | (fasten) | 締める、固定する、留める、結びつける 他動
HHiraganaしめる、こていする、とめる、むすびつける |
| | Please secure your seatbelts before takeoff. |
| | 離陸に備えて座席ベルトを締めてください。 |