أفعال مركّبيّة
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| play against [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep | (have as an opponent) | يلعب ضد، يلعب مقابل |
| | Every time I play against Tom, he beats me in every game. |
| provide against [sth] vtr phrasal insep | (guarantee or insure against) | يحتاط لشيء |
| | We keep a cellar full of canned food to provide against shortages. |
| rise up against [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep | figurative (revolt, protest) | ينتفض على شخص/شيء |
| | The oppressed people will rise up against their autocratic government. |
| run up against [sb/sth] vi phrasal + prep | (face: challenges) | يواجه شيئًا/شخصًا |
| | The explorers ran up against some serious problems when the weather suddenly worsened. |
| set [sb] against [sb/sth] vtr phrasal sep | (cause to oppose [sb] or [sth]) | يحرّض شخصًا على شخص |
| | Please don't set him against me by spreading rumors that I talk about him behind his back. |
| set [sth] against [sth] vtr phrasal sep | (contrast with) | يقابله بشيء، يقارنه بشيء |
| | This amount of money looks very small if you set it against what we spend each year on marketing. |
set [sth] against [sth],
set [sth] off against [sth] vtr phrasal sep | (offset: cost, damages) | يوازن بين شيء وشيء |
| speak out against [sth/sb] vi phrasal + prep | (state one's opposition to) | ينتقد علانية، يحتج، يعترض |
| | Many people speak out against domestic violence. |
| stand against [sth] vtr phrasal insep | (resist, oppose) | يعارض شيئًا |
| stand up against [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep | figurative (oppose actively) | يقف ضد، يواجه |
| | We must stand up against racism. |
| stand up against [sth] vtr phrasal insep | (withstand: wear, stress) | يقاوم، يصمد |
| | Concrete construction is used in the tropics because it will stand up against hurricanes and insects. |
| struggle against [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep | (try to combat) | يكافح ضد شخص/شيء، يناضل في وجه شخص/شيء |
triumph over,
triumph over [sb],
triumph against,
triumph against [sb] vtr phrasal insep | (defeat, vanquish) | ينتصر على شخص، يهزم شخصًا، يتغلب على شخص |
| | In 1066 the Norman invaders triumphed over the Anglo-Saxon defenders of England. |
triumph over,
triumph over [sth],
triumph against,
triumph against [sth] vtr phrasal insep | figurative (overcome: difficulty) | يتغلب على شيء |
| | (مجازي) | ينتصر على شيء |
| | We'll triumph over these hard times as long as we don't give up. |
| ward against [sth] vtr phrasal sep | (defend against) | يتَّقي من شيء |
| | The magician muttered incantations to ward against evil spirits. |
صيغ مركبة:
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| opt against doing [sth] v expr | (decide not to do) | يقرِّر عدم فعل شيء |
| over against prep | (in contrast with) | مقابل، مقارنةً بـ |
| pit [sb/sth] against [sb/sth] vtr + prep | (set to compete or fight) | يجمع شيئًا/شخصًا ضد شيء/شخص |
| | This match pits the titleholder against a complete unknown. |
| pitted against [sb] adj + prep | (in competition with) | وُضِع في مواجهة شخص |
| | | مواجه لـشخص، منافس لـشخص |
| prejudice against [sb/sth] n | (bias: hostility) | تحامل ضد شخص، تحيز بحق شخص |
| | We should distinguish between prejudice against people and active discrimination. |
| | يجب أن نفرِّق بين التحامل ضد أشخاص وبين التمييز الفاعل. |
| prejudice [sb] against [sb/sth] vtr + prep | (make hostile to) | يجعل شخصًا يتحامل/يتحيّز ضدّ شخص/شيء، يقلّب شخصًا على شخص/شيء |
| | The influence of the extreme right wing has prejudiced the party's more moderate elements against ethnic minorities. |
| | إن تأثير اليمين المتطرِّف قلَّب عناصر الحزب الأكثر اعتدالاً على الأقليات الإثنية. |
| prejudice [sth] against [sb/sth] vtr + prep | (bias against) | يقلّب شيئًا على شيء، يقلب شيئًا على شخص |
| | The negative reports have prejudiced public opinion against the actor. |
| | قلّبت التقارير السلبية الرأي العام على الممثل. |
| prejudice [sth] against [sb] vtr + prep | (case: damage, harm) | يُضرّ |
| | Media coverage is thought to have prejudiced the case against him. |
| | يُعتَقَد أن التغطية الإعلامية قد أضرّت بوضعه في القضية. |
| press charges against [sb] v expr | (accuse [sb] formally) | يقاضي شخصًا، يرفع قضية على شخص، يرفع دعوى على شخص |
| | The mining company pressed charges against the strikers. |
| proof against [sth] adj + prep | (protected) | محمي من شيء |
| | It seems that nothing on the internet is proof against determined hackers. |
| prop [sth/sb] against [sth] vtr + prep | (lean for support) | يسند شيئًا/شخصًا إلى شيء |
| | Ursula propped the spade against the wall while she put the plant into the hole she had just dug. |
| | أسندت أورسولا المجرفة إلى الجدار لتضع النبتة في الحفرة التي حفرتها. |
protest,
protest about [sth],
protest against [sth] vi + prep | (complain about) | يحتجّ على شيء، يعترض على شيء |
| | The staff protested about having to work on a public holiday. |
| | احتجّ الموظفون على اضطرارهم للعمل في يوم عطلة رسمية. |
| push against [sth/sb] vi + prep | (put up resistance to) | يتدافع عند شيء/شخص |
| | | يدفع شخصًا/شيئًا، يضغط على شيء |
| | The crowd pushed against the barrier to try to see what was happening. |
| race against time n | (urgent task) | سباق مع الزمن |
| | We're in a race against time: the deadline's close of business today! |
| rage against [sth/sb] vi + prep | (be angry about) | يثور غضبه على شيء/شخص |
| | The villagers raged against the proposed new housing development. |
| rail against [sth] vi + prep | (criticize [sth] harshly) | ينتقد شيئًا بشدّة، يعترض بشدة على شيء |
| | The residents railed against the plans for a new high-rise block of flats. |
| | اعترض السكان بشدّة على الخطط الرامية إلى بناء عمارة سكنية عالية جديدة. |
| react against [sth] vi + prep | (respond negatively to [sth]) | يتجاوب بشكل سلبي مع شيء، يكون رد فعل على شيء |
| | Martha reacted against her parents' strict morals by becoming a rebel. |
redeem [sth] for [sth],
redeem [sth] against [sth] vtr + prep | (coupon: exchange for) (قسيمة، كوبون: تبديلها بشيء آخر) | يصرف شيئًا مقابل شيء، يَسْتَبْدِل |
| | Roberta redeemed a voucher for a bottle of wine at the supermarket. |
| | استبدلت روبرتا قسيمةً بزجاجة نبيذ في المتجر. |
| reinoculate [sb] against [sth]⇒ vtr | (vaccinate again) | يُعيد تطعيم شخص ضد شيء، يُعيد تلقيح شخص ضد شيء |
remonstrate about [sth],
remonstrate against [sth] vi + prep | (protest about) | يعترض على شيء، يحتجّ على شيء |
| revolt against [sth/sb] vi + prep | (rebel, protest) | يثور، يتظاهر |
| | The students revolted against the school's new dress code. |
| rise against [sth/sb] vi + prep | (resist, protest against) | يقاوم، يصد، يقف ضد |
| | | يثور على |
| | The slaves plan to rise against their masters. |
| run against [sb] vi + prep | (oppose in election) | يترشح ضد شخص |
secure [sth],
secure [sth] against [sth],
secure [sth] from [sth]⇒ vtr | (fasten) (يحكم إغلاق) | يربط، يشدّ |
| | Please secure your seatbelts before takeoff. |
| | يرجى ربط أحزمة الأمان قبل الإقلاع. |
set [sth] in [sth],
set [sth] against [sth] vtr + prep | often passive (locate, place: story) | تدور أحداث شيء في شيء |
| | Helena set her story against the backdrop of the Second World War. |
| | The novel is set in 19th-century Paris. |
| slap against [sth] vi + prep | (hit with slapping noise) | يلاطم شيئًا |
| | The waves were slapping against the rocks. |
| | كانت الأمواج تلاطم الصخور. |
slap [sth] on [sth],
slap [sth] against [sth] vtr + prep | (bring down sharply) | يخبط شيئًا على شيء |
| | The teacher slapped the book against the desk to get the class's attention. |
| | خبط المدرّس الكتاب على الطاولة لينظر الطلاب إليه. |
| stack [sth] against [sb] vtr + prep | figurative, often passive (weight [sth] unfairly) | تكون كفة شيء ترجح ضد شخص |
| | He realised sadly that the odds were stacked against him. |
| | أدرك بكل أسف أن الكفة ترجح ضده. |
stack the deck against [sb/sth],
stack the cards against [sb/sth] v expr | informal, figurative (put [sb], [sth] at a disadvantage) | يعرقل جهود شخص/شيء، يقف عائقًا أمام مساعي شخص/شيء |
| stand out against [sth/sb] v expr | (oppose publicly) | يعترض على شخص/شيء علنًا |
| strain against [sth] vi + prep | (pull with force) | يسحب، يشد |
| | The animal strained against the rope. |
| | شدّ الحيوان الحبل بقوة. |
| strike a blow against [sth/sb] v expr | (deal [sb/sth] a serious setback) | يشكّل انتكاسة لشيء/لشخص، يشكّل ضربة لشيء/لشخص |
| stumble against [sth/sb] vi + prep | (bump into because of trip) (نتيجة التعثر) | يرتطم بشيء |
| | Ian lost his footing on the loose gravel and stumbled against the wall. |
take a stand against [sth/sb],
make a stand against [sth/sb] v expr | (maintain opinion against opposition) | يتخذ موقفًا ضد شيء/شخص |
| | Are you going to take a stand against the government's crackdown on the press? |
| testify against [sb] vi + prep | (give evidence that incriminates) | يشهد ضد شخص |
| | Even though she knew her husband was guilty, she was unwilling to testify against him in the trial. |
trade off [sth] for [sth],
trade off [sth] against [sth] v expr | figurative (sacrifice for [sth]) | يقايض شيئًا بشيء، يضحّي بشيء مقابل شيء |
| | The new speakers look stylish, but I would not trade off the sound for the appearance. |
| trespass against [sb/sth] vi + prep | Biblical, formal (sin, transgress) | يخالف شيئًا، ينتهك شيئًا |
| | | يخطئ إلى شخص |
| | You have trespassed against the rules of the church. |
| turn against [sb] vi + prep | figurative (become hostile to) | يعادي شخصًا، ينقلب على شخص |
| | The dog inexplicably turned against his owner and had to be put down. |
| turn [sb] against [sb] vtr + prep | (prejudice [sb] against [sb]) | يقلّب شخصًا على شخص، يجعل شخصًا ينقلب على شخص |
| | The family turned her against me. |
| unite against [sth/sb] vi + prep | (join forces to oppose) | يتوحد ضد شخص/شيء، يتّحد ضد شخص/شيء |
| | All people should unite against the injustices of their government. |
| up against prep | (in competition with) | يتواجه مع |
| | Tomorrow you'll be up against the toughest team in the league. |
| up against prep | (difficulty: confronted by) | يعترضه |
| | We're up against some serious problems, but I think we can finish the job anyway. |
| vaccinate [sb/sth] against [sth] vtr + prep | (inoculate against disease) | يلقّح/يطعّم شخصًا/شيئًا ضد شيء |
| | Parents need to vaccinate their children against the measles. |
| vote against [sb/sth] vi + prep | (register one's opposition to) | يصوّت ضد شخص/شيء |
| | I'm so angry at that politician that I will definitely vote against her at the next election. |
| warn [sb] against [sth] vtr + prep | (caution) | يحذر شخصًا من شيء |
| | He warned his son against that kind of behaviour. |
| | حذر ابنه من التصرف بذلك الشكل. |
| warn [sb] against [sth] vtr + prep | (advise of the dangers of: [sth]) | يحذر شخصًا من شيء |
| | I warned him against getting too drunk, but he wouldn't listen. |
| weigh [sth/sb] up against [sth/sb] v expr | (compare, contrast) | يقارن بين شيء/شخص وشيء/شخص، يوازن بين شيء/شخص وشيء/شخص |
| | Lucy weighed up the job she had been offered in New York against the one in Paris. |
| work against [sb/sth] v expr | (be detrimental to) | يؤثّر سلبًا في شخص/شيء |
| | | يسعى لمنع شيء |