أفعال مركّبيّة
upon | up on |
| act upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep | (do [sth] in response) | يتصرف وفق شيء، يعمل وفق شيء |
| | Harry acted upon Alice's request. |
| act upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep | (have an effect on) | يؤثر على شيء |
| | The drug acts upon the nervous system. |
| acted upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep | (responded to, followed) | يُعمل بشيء، يؤخذ بشيء |
| | The suggestions were made, but they were never acted upon. |
| | قُدّمت المقترحات ولكن لم يُعمل بها قط. |
| advance upon [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep | (invade, move in to attack) | يهاجم شيئًا/شخصًا |
| | The swarm of killer bees advanced upon the unsuspecting cow that was grazing in the pasture. |
bear on [sth],
bear upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep | formal (be relevant to) | يرتبط بشيء |
build on [sth],
build upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep | figurative (develop further) | يؤسس على شيء، يبني على شيء |
| | The beginners' course will give you a good base which you can build on. |
| build upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep | figurative (develop further) | يبني على شيء، يؤسس على شيء |
| | The new head coach said he would build upon the team's existing strengths. |
| build [sth] upon [sth] vtr phrasal sep | (base on) | يبني شيئًا على شيء، يؤسس شيئًا على شيء |
| | They built the city upon firm foundations. |
| burst upon [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep | (leap, pounce) | يدخل فجأة في شيء |
| | | يأتي فجأة لشخص |
| burst upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep | figurative (appear) (مجازي) | يبدو لشيء |
| | Tara Lipinski burst upon the world of gymnastics as a bouncy fifteen-year-old. |
call on [sb] for [sth],
call upon vtr phrasal insep | (seek help) (المساعدة) | يطلب من شخص شيئًا |
| | John called on his friends for support. |
call on [sb],
call upon vtr phrasal insep | (turn to [sb] for help) | يلجأ إلى شخص |
| | When you need help, then who can you call upon if not your friends? |
call on [sb] to do [sth],
call upon [sb] to do [sth] vtr phrasal insep | (request that [sb] do [sth]) | يطلب أن يفعل شخص شيئًا |
| | The union called on the workers to support a strike. |
center on [sb/sth],
center upon [sb/sth] (US),
centre on [sb/sth],
centre upon [sb/sth] (UK) vtr phrasal insep | (have as main topic) | يتركز على شيء/شخص |
| | His talk centered on one key issue. |
chance on [sth],
chance upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep | (unexpectedly encounter [sb/sth]) | يلتقي بشيء صدفةً، يلاقي شيئًا صدفةً |
| | Walking throught the woods, I chanced upon young rabbits cavorting in the tall grass. |
come upon [sth],
come on vtr phrasal insep | (find by chance, encounter) | يعثر بالصدفة على شيء |
| | The kids were thrilled to come upon a small gingerbread house in the woods. |
| concentrate upon [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep | slightly formal (focus your attention on) | يركز على شيء/شخص |
| | The last thing I remember is the hypnotist telling me to concentrate upon the watch. |
| count upon [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep | (depend on, rely on) | يعتمد على شخص/شيء |
| | I should like to thank you for your help, and assure you that you may count upon my support at any time. |
depend on [sth],
depend upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep | (be determined by [sth]) | يعتمد على شيء، يتوقّف على شيء |
| | Whether the heating will be fixed today depends on the repairman's schedule. |
depend on [sth],
depend upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep | (be assured of) | يعتمد على شيء، يتكل على شيء، يثق بشيء |
| | You may depend absolutely upon your solicitor's discretion. |
depend on [sth],
depend upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep | (trust in [sth]) | يثق |
| | I depended on her ability to keep a secret. |
depend on [sb],
depend upon [sb] vtr phrasal sep | (be supported financially by) (ماليًّا) | يعتمد على شخص |
| | In the 1950s, most women in the US did not do paid work and depended on their husbands. |
depend on [sb],
depend upon [sb] vtr phrasal sep | (rely on [sb]) | يعتمد على شخص |
| | She is a proud lady and doesn't like having to depend on her relatives for help. |
| draw upon [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep | (use as source or resource) | يستخدم شيئًا، يستعين بشيء/بشخص |
| | | ينهل من شيء، يستقي من شيء |
| | To pass the final exam, the students must draw upon everything they have learned in the course. |
encroach upon [sth],
encroach on [sth] vtr phrasal insep | (property: trespass) (أملاكًا) | يتعدَّى على شيء |
encroach upon [sth],
encroach on [sth] vtr phrasal insep | (rights: infringe) (حقوقًا) | ينتهك شيئًا |
encroach upon [sth],
encroach on [sth] vtr phrasal insep | (infringe on land) (متعديًا الحدود) | يمتدّ إلى شيء |
| | Their oak tree has begun to encroach on my property. |
enlarge upon [sth],
enlarge on [sth] vtr phrasal insep | (go into more detail about) | يتوسّع في شيء |
| | In this book, the author enlarges upon some topics she mentioned briefly in her previous book. |
fall on [sth/sb],
fall upon [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep | (attack, assault) | يهاجم شيئًا/شخصًا، يهجم على شيء/شخص، ينقضّ على شيء/شخص |
| | The group of men fell on Pete, punching and kicking him. |
fall on [sth],
fall upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep | figurative (eat hungrily) (مجازي: يأكل بشراهة) | يهجم على شيء |
| | I could tell by the way the homeless man fell upon the burger that he hadn't eaten all day. |
fall on [sth],
fall upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep | figurative (opportunity: grab enthusiastically) | ينتهز شيئًا |
| | Being a huge fan of the band, Stella fell upon the chance to see them in concert. |
fall on [sb/sth],
fall upon [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep | (attack) | يهاجم شخصًا/شيئًا، ينقضّ على شخص/شيء |
| | The two men fell on their victim as he was walking down the street. |
fall on [sth],
fall upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep | figurative (food: eat eagerly) (مجازي: يلتهم الطعام بنهم) | ينقضّ على شيء |
| | The man fell on the crust of bread as though he had not eaten for days. |
fall on [sb],
fall upon [sb] vtr phrasal insep | figurative (person: greet, embrace) | يعانق شخصًا، يقع على عنق شخص |
| | Derek fell upon his brother and they wept with joy at being reunited. |
| feast upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep | (eat with pleasure) | يأكل شيئًا بمُتعة |
frown on [sth/sb],
frown upon [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep | figurative (disapprove of) | لا يحبّذ شيئًا، لا يوافق على شيء |
| | Teachers frown on students being late for class. |
| | Management frowns upon employees socializing at the water cooler. |
gain on [sb],
gain upon [sb] vtr phrasal insep | (catch up with) | يلحق بشخص، يكاد يدرك شخصًا، يقترب من شخص |
| | Drive faster - the police are gaining on us! |
| gain upon [sb/sth] vtr phrasal insep | (catch up with) | يلحق بشخص/بشيء |
| | | يكاد يدرك شخصًا/شيئًا، يقترب من شخص/شيء |
| hang upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep | (depend on) | يعتمد على شيء |
| | Success or failure hangs upon this one small detail. |
happen on [sth/sb],
happen upon [sth/sb] vtr phrasal insep | dated, literary (find, encounter) | يقع على شيء |
| | | يلتقي شخصًا بالصدفة |
| | I happened on an interesting article about Cuba in the newspaper. |
hinge on [sth],
hinge upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep | figurative (rely, depend on [sth]) | يتوقف على شيء، يعتمد على شيء |
| | The business deal hinges upon securing a loan. |
| | تتوّقف الصفقة التجارية على تأمين قرض. |
hit on [sth],
hit upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep | (idea, plan: devise, discover) | يكتشف شيئًا، يجد شيئًا، يتوصل إلى شيء |
| | I have hit upon a great way to save money: stay in bed all day! |
impress [sth] on [sb],
impress [sth] upon [sb],
impress upon [sb] [sth] vtr phrasal sep | (stress the importance of) | يشدّد لشخص على شيء |
| | I must impress upon you all the need for complete secrecy. |
| | Ken tried to impress the importance of hard work on his children. |
| | أشدّد لك على ضرورة إبقاء الأمر سرًّا. // حاول كين أن يشدّد لأولاده على أهمية الاجتهاد في العمل. |
| improve upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep | (do better than, make better) | يحسّن شيئًا |
| | | يُدخل تحسينات على شيء |
| | The unions have given the company three days to improve upon their offer before calling for all-out strikes. |
lean on [sb],
lean upon [sb] vtr phrasal insep | (rely on for support) | يتكل على شخص، يعتمد على شخص |
| | You can always lean on me. |
light on [sth],
light upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep | (find, discover [sth]) | يسلط الضوء على شيء، يلقي الضوء على شيء |
| | Ned lit on the perfect solution to his problem. |
look down on [sb],
look down upon [sb] vtr phrasal insep | figurative (feel superior to) | يزدري بشخص، يعتبر شخصًا أدنى من مستواه |
| | It is wrong to look down on people less fortunate than yourself. |
look down on [sth],
look down upon [sth] vtr phrasal insep | figurative (consider inferior) | يزدري بشيء، يعتبر شيئًا أدنى من مستواه |
| | These were rich girls who looked down on cheap clothes. |
look on [sb] as [sth],
look upon [sb] as [sth] vtr phrasal insep | (regard, consider: as) | يعتبر شخصًا شيئًا |
| | I always looked upon him as a brother. |
| | لطالما اعتبرته أخًا لي. |
صيغ مركبة:
upon | up on |
| agree upon [sth] vi + prep | slightly formal (decide mutually) | يتفقون على شيء |
| | The two men agreed upon a price for the secondhand car. |
| | اتفق الرجلان على سعر للسيارة المستعملة. |
| agreed-upon adj | (terms, price: decided, settled) | متَّفَق عليه |
| | The buyer is entitled to seek damages if the buyer fails to pay the agreed-upon price. |
bank on [sth/sb],
bank upon [sth/sb] vi + prep | figurative (rely, bet) | يعتمد على شيء/شخص، يراهن على شيء/شخص |
| | I'm banking on the stock market recovering; otherwise I won't have enough retirement funds. |
base [sth] on [sth],
base [sth] upon [sth] vtr + prep | often passive (use as evidence) | يستند في شيء على شيء |
| ملاحظة: "Base on" is more common than "base upon." These expressions are often used in the passive voice--e.g., "My opinion is based on facts, not rumor." |
| | She based her conclusion on close examination of the evidence. |
| | استندت في استنتاجها على فحص دقيق للأدلة. |
base [sth] on [sth],
base [sth] upon [sth] vtr + prep | (adapt from) | يقتبس شيئًا من شيء |
| ملاحظة: "Base on" is more common than "base upon." These expressions are often used in the passive voice--e.g., "The movie is based on a true story." |
| | They will base the film on a short story written by Mark Twain. |
| | سيقتبسون فكرة الفيلم من قصة قصيرة كتبها مارك تواين. |
be based on [sth],
be based upon [sth] v expr | (be adapted from [sth]) | مستوحى من شيء، مقتبس من شيء |
| | Many movies are based on true stories. |
| | The play is based on the novel of the same name. |
| | أفلام كثيرة هي مستوحاة من قصص حقيقية. // المسرحية مقتبسة من رواية تحمل نفس الاسم. |
based on [sth],
based upon [sth] expr | (founded on) | قائم على شيء، مؤسس على شيء |
| | Some countries have laws based upon state religions. |
| | لدى بعض الدول قوانين قائمة على دِين الدولة. |
based on [sth],
based upon [sth] expr | (adapted from [sth]) | مقتبس من شيء، مستوحى من شيء |
| | | مرتكز على شيء |
| | Based on a true story. |
batten on [sth],
batten upon [sth] vi + prep | rare (grow fat on) | يسمن على شيء |
| | The sheep are battening well on the rich grass in the meadow. |
| | تسمن الخراف جيدًا على العشب الوافر في المرج. |
batten on [sth],
batten upon [sth] vi + prep | (feed greedily on) | يلتهم شيئًا بنهم |
| | The revellers sat down at the table and battened upon the food. |
batten on [sb],
batten upon [sb] vi + prep | UK, figurative (prosper at [sb]'s expense) | يستغل شخصًا، يستفيد على حساب شخص |
| | The millionaire is famous for gaining his wealth by battening on others. |
| bear upon [sth] vi + prep | formal (be relevant) | يؤثر في شيء |
| | How will these new findings bear upon our approach to educating children? |
bestow [sth] on [sb],
bestow [sth] upon [sb] vtr + prep | formal (present, give [sb]: an award, gift) | يمنح شخصًا شيئًا، يمنح شيئًا لشخص |
| | The head of the Board of Education bestowed the Outstanding Teacher of the Year award on Mrs. Hall. |
| | The king bestowed knighthoods on his most loyal subjects. |
| | منح رئيس لجنة التربية جائزة "أفضل مدرّس" السنوية للسيدة "هول". منح الملك رتبة فارس لأكثر رعاياه ولاءً له. |
| cast your bread upon the waters v expr | (do good without expecting a reward) (مجازي) | يعمل خيرًا ويرمي في البحر، يلقي خبزه على وجه المياه |
| | | يفعل خيرًا دون انتظار مقابل |
comment,
comment on [sth],
comment upon [sth] vi + prep | (make remarks) | يعلّق على شيء |
| | The President refused to comment on his secretary's accusations. |
| | رفض الرئيس التعليق على اتهامات وزيره. |
| confer [sth] on/upon [sb]⇒ vtr | (give or bestow [sth]) | يمنح |
| | The president conferred the medal of honor upon the soldier. |
contingent on [sth],
contingent upon [sth] adj + prep | (dependent on) | معتمد على شيء، مرتبط بشيء، رهْن شيء |
| | My offer to buy the house is contingent upon obtaining a mortgage. |
dawn on [sb],
dawn upon [sb] v expr | figurative (become apparent) | يُدرك |
| | All of a sudden, the enormity of what I had done dawned on me. |
depend on doing [sth],
depend upon doing [sth] v expr | (necessitate doing) | يستلزم شيئًا |
| | Getting a driving licence depends upon passing the written and practical examinations. |
depend on [sb] to do [sth],
depend upon [sb] to do [sth] v expr | (rely on [sb] doing [sth]) | يعتمد على شخص لشيء، يتكل على شخص لشيء |
| | I depend on Barbara to drive me to the hospital each week. |
dependent on [sth],
dependent upon [sth] adj | (requiring [sth]) | معتمد على شيء، متوقِّف على شيء |
| | Whether or not the barbecue goes ahead is dependent on the weather. |
| | هل سنواصل حفلة الشواء أم سنوقفها؟ هذا متوقّف على الطقس. |
| depending upon prep | (depending on) | استناد إلى، تبعاً ل، معتمد على |
| | We'll devise a seating plan depending upon who shows up. |
devolve to [sb/sth],
devolve on [sb/sth],
devolve upon [sb/sth] vi + prep | formal (be transferred) | ينتقل إلى شخص/شيء، يتحوّل إلى شخص/شيء، يؤول إلى شخص/شيء |
| | Power in the UK has devolved to individual nations and regions. |
dwell on [sth/sb],
dwell upon vi + prep | (be preoccupied with) | يشغل باله بشيء، يفكر كثيرًا في شيء، يركز كثيرًا على شيء |
| | Try not to dwell on your failures. |
| | حاول ألا تركز كثيرًا على إخفاقاتك. |
dwell on [sth],
dwell upon vi + prep | (speak extensively about) | يسهب في شيء |
| | In her lecture, the professor dwelt a great deal on the similar themes in the two texts. |
| | خلال محاضرتها، أسهبت الأستاذة في الحديث عن التشابهات بين النصين. |
embark on [sth],
embark upon [sth] vi + prep | (journey: start) | يبدأ، ينطلق |
| | What should you take before you embark on a three-day hike? |
embark on [sth],
embark upon [sth] vi + prep | (project: start) | يباشر |
| | We had no idea what the project would involve when we embarked on it. |
fall on [sth],
fall upon [sth] vi + prep | (come to rest on) | يقع على شيء |
| | Her gaze fell upon the letter I was writing. |
fall on [sth],
fall upon [sth] vi + prep | figurative (occur on) | يقع |
| | My birthday falls on a Saturday this year. |
| | The election falls on my birthday. |
fall on [sb/sth],
fall upon [sb/sth] vi + prep | (eyes: look at [sth]) | يشاهد شخصًا/شيئًا، يقع نظره على شخص/شيء |
| | The teacher's eyes scanned the room and fell on Joshua's nervous face. |
fall on deaf ears,
fall upon deaf ears v expr | figurative, potentially offensive (be ignored) (مجازي: لا يُعار أي اهتمام) | يلقى آذانًا صمّاء |
| | Susan was worried that her advice would fall on deaf ears. |
fall on hard times,
fall upon hard times v expr | (be in financial difficulties) | يقع في ضائقة ماليّة |
| | | يقع في أزمة ماليّة |
| | | يواجه أزمة ماليّة |
| | The company fell on hard times and eventually had to close down. |
feast your eyes on [sth],
feast your eyes upon [sth] v expr | (gaze at: [sth] sumptuous) | يمتّع ناظريه بشيء |
| fire upon [sth] vi + prep | (with weapon: shoot) | يطلق النار على، يصوّب |
| | As soon as I give the order, fire upon the battleship. |
| fire upon [sb] vi + prep | (with weapon: shoot) | يطلق النار على شخص |
| | The soldiers in the tower fired upon the defenceless people below. |
fixate on [sth],
fixate upon [sth] vi + prep | (be obsessed) | يركز أكثر من اللازم على شيء |
| | | يشغل ذهنه في شيء |
| | You need to stop fixating on the small details and try to look at the big picture. |
| be frowned upon v expr | figurative (be disapproved of) | لا يُقبل |
| | | يُستهجن |
| | In some countries it is frowned upon to slurp your soup. |
hang on [sb]'s every word,
hang upon [sb]'s every word,
hang on [sb]'s words v expr | (attend very closely to) | يصغي بعناية لكلمات شخص، يستمع بعناية لكلمات شخص |
| | Now that was interesting! I hung upon his every word. |
hard on [sth],
hard upon [sth] adv + prep | (near, coming up to) | قرابة |
| | It was hard upon nightfall when they arrived. |
| have mercy upon [sb] v expr | (take pity on) | يرحم شخصًا |
| | God is willing to have mercy upon sinners. |
impinge on [sth],
impinge upon [sth] vi + prep | (encroach: on [sb]'s rights) | يتعدّى على شيء، يتجاوز شيئًا |
| | Their demands impinge on local farmers' rights. |
| | تتعدى مطالبهم على حقوق المزارعين المحليين. |
impinge on [sth],
impinge upon [sth] vi + prep | (have impact: on [sth]) | يؤثر على/في شيء |
| | Pressure from work is impinging on his personal life. |
| | يؤثر ضغط العمل على حياته الخاصة. |
| impose upon [sb] vi + prep | slightly formal (force yourself on [sb]) | يزعج شخصًا، يفرض نفسه على شخص |
| impose upon [sb] vi + prep | slightly formal (inconvenience [sb]) | يُثقل على شخص |
incumbent on [sb],
incumbent upon [sb] adj + prep | (obligatory for [sb]) | على عاتق شخص |
| | The duty of managing finances is incumbent on the organization's treasurer. |
| | تقع مسؤولية إدارة الأموال على عاتق أمين صندوق المنظمة. |
incumbent on [sb] to do [sth],
incumbent upon [sb] to do [sth] expr | (obligatory for [sb]) | يتحتم على شخص فعل شيء، يتوجب على شخص فعل شيء |
| ملاحظة: تستخدم صيغة الفعل عادةً لهذا المعنى. |
| | It is incumbent on the bride's father to make a speech at the wedding. |
| | يتحتم على والد العروس أن يلقي خطابًا في حفل الزفاف. |
incumbent on [sth],
incumbent upon [sth] adj + prep | archaic (resting on) | مستلقٍ على شيء |
| | The man was incumbent on his bed. |
insist on doing [sth],
insist upon doing [sth] v expr | (be determined) | يصرّ على فعل شيء |
| | Despite my complaints, he insisted on doing things his way. |
| | رغم اعتراضاتي، أصرّ على العمل على طريقته. |
intent on,
intent upon prep | (determined to) | مصمّم، عاقد العزم |
| | With all their drug use some celebrities seem intent on self-destruction. |
| | John works very long hours: he's intent on becoming a millionaire before he turns 30. |
lean on [sth],
lean upon [sth] vi + prep | (rest your weight on) | يستند إلى شيء، يتكئ على شيء |
| | Don't lean on the railing of this balcony - it isn't secure! If you will lean on my shoulder as we walk, it will take some of the weight off your sore ankle. |
look down on [sb/sth],
look down upon [sb/sth] v expr | (observe from high up) | يرى شخصًا/شيئًا من فوق |
| | From the top of the tower you can look down upon the whole city. |
| | يمكنك من أعلى البرج أن ترى كل المدينة من فوق. |