Verbes à particule
under | under- |
| buckle under vi phrasal | informal (give in) | céder⇒ vi |
| | | craquer⇒ vi |
| | I finally buckled under and quit the organization. |
| | J'ai finalement cédé et j'ai quitté l'organisation. |
| creep under [sth] vtr phrasal insep | (crawl beneath) | ramper sous vi + prép |
| | When the thunder started, the dog crept under the bed and stayed there until it stopped. |
| | En entendant le tonnerre, le chien a rampé sous le lit et n'en a plus bougé. |
| fall under [sth] vtr phrasal insep | (be categorized within) | appartenir à vi + prep |
| | (compétence) | relever de vi + prep |
| | This book falls under non-fiction. |
| fall under [sth] vtr phrasal insep | (come within control, jurisdiction of) (compétence) | relever de vi + prep |
| | The crime of desertion falls under the jurisdiction of the military justice system. |
| get under [sth] vtr phrasal insep | (go underneath [sth]) | passer sous vi + prép |
| | The dog dug a hole to get under the fence. |
| | Le chien a creusé un trou pour passer sous la clôture. |
| get under [sth] vtr phrasal insep | (reach underneath [sth]) | passer sous vi + prép |
| | It was raining and the damp got under the car bonnet. |
| | Il pleuvait et l'humidité est passé sous le capot de la voiture. |
| get under [sth] vtr phrasal insep | (achieve lower score) | faire moins de [qch] vtr + prép |
| | | passer sous la barre des [qch], passer sous les [qch] vi + loc prép |
| | No matter how much I practice golf, I can't get under 85. |
| | J'ai beau m'entraîner au golf, je n'arrive pas à faire moins de 85. |
| | J'ai beau m'entraîner au golf, je n'arrive pas à passer sous la barre des 85. |
| go under vi phrasal | figurative (business: go into liquidation) (figuré : entreprise) | couler⇒ vi |
| | GM did go under, despite their claims. |
| | GM a coulé, malgré ses déclarations. |
| keep [sb] under vtr phrasal sep | (keep under oppression) | opprimer⇒, soumettre⇒, assujettir⇒ vtr |
| | | garder [qqn] sous contrôle loc v |
| keep [sb] under vtr phrasal sep | informal (keep under anesthesia) | anesthésier⇒ vtr |
| knuckle under vi phrasal | (acquiesce) | céder⇒ vi |
plow [sb] under (US),
plough [sb] under (UK) vtr phrasal insep | figurative (overwhelm) (figuré) | submerger⇒ vtr |
| pull [sth] under vtr phrasal sep | (tide: drag beneath the water) | entraîner [qqn] vers le fond vtr |
| | The strong tide pulled the young girl under and she drowned. |
| | Le courant a entraîné la petite fille vers le fond et elle s'est noyée. |
| put [sb] under vtr phrasal sep | informal (anaesthetize) | endormir⇒ vtr |
| | Local anesthetics don't work on me, so the dentist has to put me under. |
| snow [sth] under vtr phrasal sep | (cover with snow) | recouvrir [qch] de neige loc v |
| snow [sb] under vtr phrasal sep | usually passive (overwhelm with work etc.) (de travail...) | submerger vtr + prép |
| | | to be snowed under : être débordé vi + adj |
| snow [sb] under vtr phrasal sep | usually passive (sports: defeat completely) (Sports) | écraser⇒ vtr |
| | The points Jackson made kept his team from being snowed under. |
| | Les points marqués par Jackson ont empêché son équipe d'être écrasée. |
| stand up under [sth] vtr phrasal insep | (withstand: scrutiny, etc.) | tenir face à [qch] vi + prép |
| | Son alibi n'a pas tenu longtemps face aux arguments de l'accusation. |
| | | résister à [qch] vtr ind |
Formes composées
under | under- |
| admission under duress n | (law: coerced) | aveu obtenu sous la contrainte nm |
| be under evaluation v expr | (be tested or assessed) | être à l'étude v |
| | The new plan is under evaluation for its cost effectiveness. |
| | Le nouveau plan est à l'étude au niveau du rapport coût-efficacité. |
| | | être mis à l'épreuve v |
| be under guarantee v expr | (be covered by a warranty) | être sous garantie v |
| | I didn't have to pay for repairs because the washing machine was still under guarantee. |
| | Je n'ai pas eu à payer les réparations parce que la machine à laver était encore sous garantie. |
| be under review v expr | (be examined or reconsidered) | être à l'étude v |
| | The proposed changes to the law are still under review. |
| | Les changements proposés à la loi sont encore à l'étude. |
be under the impression,
be under the impression that v expr | (with clause: believing, sensing) | avoir l'impression que loc v + conj |
| be under warranty v expr | (be covered by a written guarantee) | être sous garantie v |
| | My computer worked great as long as it was under warranty; then it died a month after the warranty expired. |
| buckle under the strain v expr | figurative (give in to stress) (figuré) | céder sous la pression loc v |
| build a fire under [sb] v expr | figurative (prompt to take action or work faster) | mettre la pression à [qqn] loc v |
| call [sb] every name under the sun v expr | figurative (repeatedly insult [sb]) | traiter [qqn] de tous les noms loc v |
| | (soutenu) | abreuver [qqn] d'injures loc v |
| | (soutenu) | agonir [qqn] d'injures loc v |
| | You can call me every name under the sun, but it doesn't change the situation one bit. |
| | Tu peux me traiter de tous les noms mais ça ne change en rien la situation. |
| case under consideration n | (law: jury or judge) | présent dossier nm |
| chuck [sb] under the chin v expr | (tap [sb]'s chin affectionately) | tapoter amicalement le menton de [qqn] loc v |
| come under [sth] v expr | (be categorized, grouped within) | être classé vi + prép |
| | This report comes under the heading of "Finance", so it can be filed in that folder. |
| | Ce rapport est classé dans la rubrique « Finance » est peut donc être rangé dans ce dossier. |
| come under v expr | (be exposed to, suffer) | être [+pp] loc v |
| | The squadron came under attack. The policy came under intense scrutiny. |
| | L'escadron a été attaqué. // La police a été minutieusement examinée. |
| come under fire for [sth] v expr | figurative (be criticized harshly) | être critiqué loc v |
| cut the ground from under [sth/sb] v expr | figurative (make invalid, refute) | déstabiliser⇒ vtr |
| | | mettre [qqn] en difficulté loc v |
| | (figuré) | tirer le tapis sous les pieds de [qqn] loc v |
| dig out from under [sth] v expr | US, figurative (complete accumulated tasks) | venir à bout de loc v |
| | Once I've dug out from under this backlog of paperwork, you and I will celebrate by going out to lunch. |
| | Une fois que je serai venu à bout de mes papiers, toi et moi sortirons manger pour fêter ça. |
| dig [sth] out from under [sth] v expr | (clear accumulated disorder, dirt) | dégager [qch] de [qch] vtr |
| | They had to dig their boat out from under the mud left by the flood. |
| | Ils ont dû dégager leur bateau de la boue laissée par la crue. |
| down under adv | informal (in, to Australia, New Zealand) | en Australie, en Nouvelle-Zélande loc adv |
| | (familier : en Australie) | au pays des kangourous loc adv |
| | | en Océanie loc adv |
| | | aux Antipodes loc adv |
| | I'm moving to start a new life down under. |
| | Je déménage pour démarrer une nouvelle vie au pays des kangourous. |
| driving under the influence n | (operating a vehicle while drunk) | conduite en état d'ivresse nf |
duck under [sth],
duck behind [sth] vi + prep | (dive, hide) | plonger sous [qch], plonger derrière [qch] vi + prép |
| | To avoid saying hello, he ducked under a desk. |
| | Pour ne pas dire bonjour, il a plongé sous le bureau. |
| duck under [sth] vi + prep | (plunge into water) | plonger sous [qch] vi + prép |
| | Ryan ducked under the water and resurfaced a few seconds later. |
| | Ryan a plongé sous l'eau et a refait surface quelques secondes plus tard. |
| DUI n | US, uncountable, written, initialism (driving under the influence) | conduite en état d'ivresse nf |
| | In this state, driving under the influence is punishable by up to a year in jail. |
| fall under [sth] vi + prep | (drop, tumble beneath) | tomber sous vi + prép |
| | My pen fell under the desk, and I had to get down on my hands and knees to retrieve it. |
from under [sb]'s nose,
right from under [sb]'s nose,
from under [sb]'s very nose expr | figurative (in full view of [sb]) | sous le nez de [qqn] expr |
| get out from under v expr | figurative, informal (get out of a difficult situation) | s'en sortir⇒ v pron |
| get out from under [sth] v expr | figurative, informal (get out of: a difficult situation) | se sortir de, se dépêtrer de v pron + prép |
| get under [sb]'s skin v expr | informal, figurative (annoy, irritate) (familier) | taper sur les nerfs de [qqn], taper sur le système de [qqn] loc v |
| | | exaspérer⇒, horripiler⇒ vtr |
| go under [sth] vi + prep | (figure: go lower than) | passer en dessous de vi + prép |
| | Viewing figures went under 10 million after the lead actor left the show. |
| go under the hammer v expr | figurative (be offered for sale at auction) | être mis aux enchères loc v |
| | The building, which dates back to the 1870s, is to go under the hammer later this month. |
| go under the knife v expr | informal (have surgery) (familier) | passer sur le billard loc v |
| | | se faire opérer loc v |
| | She is going under the knife on Tuesday. |
| | Elle passe sur le billard mardi prochain. |
| have [sth] under your belt v expr | figurative, informal (have achieved, acquired [sth]) (victoire,...) | à son actif |
| | (diplôme,...) | en poche |
| | Evie's got three college degrees under her belt. |
| | Evie a trois diplômes universitaires en poche. |
| hide your light under a bushel v expr | figurative (conceal your talents) | cacher son talent loc v |
| | (référence biblique, littéraire) | cacher sous le boisseau, garder sous le boisseau, mettre sous le boisseau loc v |
| hot under the collar adj | slang, figurative (angry, agitated) | s'énerver⇒ v pron |
| | He got very hot under the collar when I politely suggested he might be mistaken. |
| | Il s’est énervé quand je lui ai suggéré que peut-être il se trompait peut-être. |
| | (figuré) | prendre la mouche loc v |
| | Il a pris la mouche quand je lui ai suggéré que peut-être il se trompait. |
| keep [sth/sb] under [sth] vtr + prep | (keep [sth] beneath [sth]) | garder [qch/qqn] sous [qch] vtr + prép |
| keep [sb/sth] under close watch v expr | (monitor [sth], [sb] constantly) | surveiller de près vtr + loc adv |
| keep [sth] under wraps v expr | figurative, informal (not reveal) | dissimuler⇒, garder secret, garder sous le manteau vtr |
| | The company is keeping the latest model under wraps until the official launch. |
| | L'entreprise garde le nouveau modèle secret jusqu'au lancement officiel. |
| keep [sth] under wraps v expr | (statue: cover up) (une statue) | garder [qch] couvert vtr + adj |
| | The museum is keeping the statue under wraps while restoration work continues. |
| | Le musée garde la statue couverte jusqu'à ce que le travail de restauration soit achevé. |
| keep [sth] under your hat v expr | figurative, informal (keep [sth] secret) | garder [qch] pour soi loc v |
| | | motus et bouche cousue expr |
labor under [sth] (US),
labour under [sth] (UK) vi + prep | used in expressions (mistakenly believe) | labor under the impression/belief/delusion that : s'imaginer que v pron + conj |
| | | labor under a notion/misconception/... : partir de, se baser sur loc v |
| Note: Commonly followed by: the illusion, the misapprehension, a mistaken belief, etc. |
| | The company is labouring under the illusion that it can take shortcuts to get the results it wants. |
| | L'entreprise s'imagine qu'elle peut prendre des raccourcis pour obtenir les résultats qu'elle veut. |
| let the grass grow under your feet v expr | (delay action) | rester les bras croisés loc v |
| Note: Often used with a negative, as advice to take action. |
on sufferance,
under sufferance adv | (unwillingly) | tout juste toléré loc adj |
plow [sth] under (US),
plough [sth] under (UK) vtr + adv | (bury under dirt by plowing) (à l'aide d'une charrue) | enterrer⇒, planter⇒ vtr |
| put [sth] under the hammer v expr | often passive (offer for sale at auction) | mettre [qch] aux enchères, mettre [qch] en vente aux enchères loc v |
| six feet under adj | (dead and buried) | six pieds sous terre adv |
| | | mort et enterré adj |
| six feet under adv | (in one's grave) | six pieds sous terre adv |
| snow [sb] under with [sth] v expr | usually passive (overwhelm with work, etc) (de travail...) | submerger [qqn] de [qch] vtr + prép |
| | | to be snowed under with work : être débordé/submergé de travail, crouler sous le travail loc v |
| | Sorry I haven't called; I've been snowed under with work. |
| statement under oath n | ([sth] sworn to be true) | déclaration sous serment nf |
| | If you make a false statement under oath, you can be charged with perjury. |
| take [sb] under your wing v expr | (protect, guide) (figuré) | prendre [qqn] sous son aile loc v |
under a cloud of suspicion,
under a cloud adv | (suspected of guilt, mistrusted) | en butte aux soupçons loc adj |
| | He was under a cloud of suspicion. |
| under a spell adv | (in a trance) | sous le charme loc adv |
| | | ensorcelé, envoûté adj |
| | The wicked witch put the princess under a spell. |
| | La méchante sorcière a ensorcelé la princesse. |
| under a spell adj | (entranced, enchanted) | fasciné, captivé adj |
| | Everyone who heard him speak fell under the spell of his rhetoric. I've been under her spell ever since I kissed her that first time. |
| | Tous ceux qui l'entendaient étaient captivés par sa rhétorique. Elle m'a captivé dès notre premier baiser. |
| under active consideration adv | (being deliberated) | à l'étude loc adj |
| | Thank you for submitting your resume for the job position; your credentials are under active consideration. |
| | | faire l'objet de toute l'attention de [qqn] loc v |
| under advisement adv | US (into consideration) | en compte adv |
| | I hope he will take the new information under advisement. |
| under an hour adv | (less than 60 minutes) | moins d'une heure |
| | It takes under an hour to fly from Seville to Madrid. |
| | Il faut moins d'une heure pour aller de Séville à Madrid en avion. |
| under arms adv | (ready for armed combat) | prêt au combat adj |
| under arrest adj | (taken into police custody) | en état d'arrestation loc adj |
| under attack adv | (subjected to physical aggression) | attaqué adj |
| | | assailli adj |
| | They became aware that the castle was under attack. |
| | Ils comprirent alors que le château était attaqué. |
| | | soumis à l'assaut, soumis aux attaques, soumis à l'agression loc adj |
| under attack adv | figurative (subjected to criticism) | en butte à la critique, en butte aux critiques loc adj |
| | His critique of the policy is under attack from the conservatives. |
| under close surveillance adv | (being watched intently) | sous étroite surveillance adv |
| | The government kept the official under close surveillance. |
| under close surveillance adj | (watched intently) | surveillé de près adj |
| under compulsion adv | (as an obligation) | sous la contrainte loc adv |
| | Confessions obtained under compulsion are illegal. |
| under consideration adv | (being deliberated) | à l'étude loc adv |
| | A new road is under consideration to reduce congestion. Your suggestions are currently under consideration. |
| | Une nouvelle route est à l'étude pour réduire la congestion. Vos suggestions sont actuellement à l'étude. |
| under construction adv | (currently being built) | en construction adv |
| | The new hospital is currently under construction. The website is under construction. |
| | Un nouvel hôpital est en construction en ce moment. Le site Web est en construction. |
| under control adv | (being managed) | sous contrôle loc adv |
| | Don't worry, I've got everything under control here at the office. |
| | Ne t'inquiète pas ! Tout est sous contrôle ici au bureau. |
| | | en main loc adv |
| | Ne t'inquiète pas ! J'ai la situation en main ici au bureau. |
under cover of [sth],
under the cover of [sth] expr | (concealed) | sous couvert de loc prép |
| | Under cover of legitimate businesses, the Mob continued its illegal activities. |
| | Sous couvert d'entreprises légitimes, la Mafia continuait ses activités illégales. |
under cover of darkness,
under the cover of darkness expr | (by night) | à la faveur de la nuit, à la faveur de l'obscurité loc adv |
| | | sous le couvert de la nuit, sous le couvert de l'obscurité loc adv |
| | The burglar entered by the window under cover of darkness. |
| under detention adv | (in custody) | en détention loc adv |
| | Voici le manuscrit qu'il a écrit alors qu'il était en détention. |
| under discussion adv | (subject: being debated) | en discussion loc adv |
| under escort adv | (with armed accompaniment) | sous escorte adv |
| | Le ministre s'est rendu sur place sous escorte. |
| be under fire v expr | figurative (be criticized harshly) | être critiqué vi + adj |
| under indictment adj | (law: formally charged) (Droit) | inculpé adj |
| under lock and key adv | (to or in prison) | sous les verrous loc adv |
| | This type of deviant behaviour will get you put under lock and key. |
| | | derrière les barreaux loc adv |
| under lock and key adj | (person: in prison) | sous les verrous loc adv |
| | He's under lock and key after he committed that robbery last year. |
| | | derrière les barreaux loc adv |
| under lock and key adj | (thing: locked away) | mettre, garder en lieu sûr loc v |
| | I want you to stop overspending so I put your credit card under lock and key. |